Archaeology and holocene sand dune stratigraphy on Chatham Island

McFadgen, Bruce

doi:10.1080/03014223.1994.9517454

Cited by 48 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The calibrated age range (68% CI) for the oldest date (NZA8222) was AD 1289-1400. Again, this is as expected from the date for human colonisation of the island (McFadgen 1994). None of the Chatham Island specimens yielded a date with inbuilt age errors of the order of 1000 years that Anderson (1996a) suggested were inherent in gelatin dates on Pacific rat bone specimens in general.…”

Section: Time Base For the Modelmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…All dates for the earliest human occupation of the Chathams except one are earlier than 450 years B.P. (McFadgen 1994). As the exception (NZ882, on cockle shells from a cave) is not now thought to date human activity, McFadgen (1994) suggested that humans reached the group no earlier than 450 to 400 years B.P.…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pacific rats have not been found on Pitt Island in historic times, and no fossil remains have been found there. McFadgen (1994) suggested that the combination of artefact types, and the presence of obsidian and metamorphosed argillite from New Zealand, indicates that most if not all the Pitt Island sites date from early in the period of human occupation of the Chatham group. NZ7849, on marine shell from Site 570 on Pitt Island (McFadgen 1994), has an upper 68% confidence limit (recalculated) of 420 years B.P.…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(McFadgen 1994). As the exception (NZ882, on cockle shells from a cave) is not now thought to date human activity, McFadgen (1994) suggested that humans reached the group no earlier than 450 to 400 years B.P. Four dates for rats from a natural site (NZA7601,457 ± 69 years B.P.…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are consistent with McFadgen's interpretation, perhaps averaging slightly earlier. Using calibrated dates, the upper 68% confidence limits for the two oldest acceptable dates given by McFadgen (1994 : table 3 Polynesian sites have been recorded from Pitt Island, 22 km southeast of Chatham Island (Sutton 1980(Sutton , 1982. Pacific rats have not been found on Pitt Island in historic times, and no fossil remains have been found there.…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A spatio‐temporal model for the invasion of the New Zealand archipelago by the Pacific ratRattus exulans

Holdaway¹

1999

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand

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New Zealand is at the southern limits of the human-extended geographic range of the Pacific rat Rattus exulans On the two main islands, radiocarbon dates on rat bones from natural sites show that rat populations were established more than 1000 years before permanent human settlement, presumably during transient visits by Polynesian voyagers Both main islands were colonised after these first contacts, but offshore and outlying islands were not reached by rats until after Polynesian settlement about 700 years B P Chatham Island was not colonised by Pacific rats until about 650 years B P I present a model that relates the time of first appearance of rats in the fossil record and the exploitation of native fauna to the pattern of spread of the rat through the archipelago I hypothesise that the stepwise spread of the rat through the archipelago is mirrored by the pattern of reduction and extinction of indigenous fauna vulnerable to rat predation The 1000 year delay between the arrival of rats and permanent human settlement suggests that the New Zealand biota was already stressed by an introduced predator before humans added habitat destruction and over-hunting Keywords Rattus exulans. Pacific rat, colonisation, New Zealand, radiocarbon dating, Polynesian voyaging INTRODUCTIONThe geographical range of the Pacific rat Rattus exulans has been vastly extended by human vectoring From its onginal distribution in South East Asia, the rat has spread into the north, east, and southern Pacific (Wodzicki & Taylor 1984, Roberts 1991) The present southern limit of its range is on a few of the small islets off the southwest coast of Stewart Island, New Zealand (Atkinson & Moller 1990) The source or sources of the New Zealand populations of Pacific rats are not known with certainty, but mitochondnal DNA (mtDNA) studies are providing important new data on possible source populations (Matisoo-Smith 1994) Roberts (1991) summansed the earliest radiocarbon dates for human presence m the Pacific as a proxy for the earliest dates for Rattus exulans Roberts's model is based on the assumptions that (1) rats and people travelled together, so first dates of colonisation by the two species should coincide, and (2) the island groups were settled, and Rattus exulans populations established, m order of accessibility of island groups to human colonisation, as proposed by Irwin (1989) Rats reached possible source areas at least 2000 years B P For New Zealand, Roberts's model implies first colonisation by people and rats about 1000 years B P , following Irwin et al (1990) Nonarchaeological occurrences of the rat were not presented by Roberts (1991), so the data she presented for human arrivals could not show whether rats were already present in each island group It is axiomatic that dates from an archaeological site cannot provide information on

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Section: Time Base For the Modelmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A spatio‐temporal model for the invasion of the New Zealand archipelago by the Pacific ratRattus exulans

Holdaway¹

1999

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand

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Genomics reveals repeated landlocking of diadromous fish on an isolated island

Ara,

McCulloch,

Dutoit

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Landlocking of diadromous fish in freshwater systems can have significant genomic consequences. For instance, the loss of the migratory life stage can dramatically reduce gene flow across populations, leading to increased genetic structuring and stronger effects of local adaptation. These genomic consequences have been well‐studied in some mainland systems, but the evolutionary impacts of landlocking in island ecosystems are largely unknown. In this study, we used a genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) approach to examine the evolutionary history of landlocking in common smelt (Retropinna retropinna) on Chatham Island, a small isolated oceanic island 800 kilometres east of mainland New Zealand. We examined the relationship between Chatham Island and mainland smelt and used coalescent analyses to test the number and timing of landlocking events on Chatham Island. Our genomic analysis, based on 21,135 SNPs across 169 individuals, revealed that the Chatham Island smelt was genomically distinct from the mainland New Zealand fish, consistent with a single ancestral colonisation event of Chatham Island in the Pleistocene. Significant genetic structure was also evident within the Chatham Island smelt, with a diadromous Chatham Island smelt group, along with three geographically structured landlocked groups. Coalescent demographic analysis supported three independent landlocking events, with this loss of diadromy significantly pre‐dating human colonisation. Our results illustrate how landlocking of diadromous fish can occur repeatedly across a narrow spatial scale, and highlight a unique system to study the genomic basis of repeated adaptation.

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Ancient lead weight found with Loisels Pumice near Hook Point, Fraser Island, Queensland

Ward

Little

Roberts

et al. 1999

Archaeology in Oceania

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A lead weight was recovered between 2.2 and 2.4 m depth in stranded beach sands at the southern end of Fraser Island. Its isotope values indicate a close affinity with lead from mines in France. Pumice found with the lead occurs elsewhere at sites dated 480±100 y BP and 520±75 y BP, and one fragment appears to be Loisels Pumice, for which a similar radiocarbon age has been reported from New Zealand. The data are difficult to assess but suggest that the lead weight could have reached this ancient beach between 1410 and 1630 AD.

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Archaeology and holocene sand dune stratigraphy on Chatham Island

Cited by 48 publications

References 18 publications

A spatio‐temporal model for the invasion of the New Zealand archipelago by the Pacific ratRattus exulans

A spatio‐temporal model for the invasion of the New Zealand archipelago by the Pacific ratRattus exulans

Genomics reveals repeated landlocking of diadromous fish on an isolated island

Ancient lead weight found with Loisels Pumice near Hook Point, Fraser Island, Queensland

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