Archaeological Research in Estonia 1865–2005

Lang, Valter; Laneman, M

doi:10.26530/oapen_423937

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Recent archaeological discoveries at a nearby fortification site of Võnnumägi, namely five radiocarbon dates on charcoal and finds of coarse-grained and striated ceramics, suggest that the hillfort is of Pre-Roman Iron Age (Lang et al 2005). Although settlement layers of that age in Keava are still controversial, we assume that hillforts were not erected in uninhabited areas and people settled in the region, which is inconsistent with the timing of increased arable and pastoral farming evidence during the Pre-Roman Iron Age in the Verevainu pollen diagram.…”

Section: Vegetation and Land Use Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeoecological evidence of agricultural activity and human impact on the environment at the ancient settlement centre of Keava, Estonia

Heinsalu¹,

Veski²

2010

Estonian J. Earth Sci.

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Peat record from a very small basin, the former mire of Verevainu, in the nearest vicinity of ancient Keava settlements (8th−11th centuries) and hillforts (5th-13th centuries), was investigated by means of palaeoecological approach, namely by pollen, charcoal, and loss-on-ignition analyses and radiocarbon dating. The study aimed at ascertaining the appearance of prehistoric man in the area and reconstructing the local vegetation history and human impact on the environment around the inhabitation centre. The first sporadic cereal pollen grains appeared in the sediments in the Late Bronze Age at ca 1500 BC. Both peat ignition residue values as indicators of topsoil erosion and pollen evidence suggest forest clearance, opening of landscape, and cultivation of cereals from the Pre-Roman Iron Age. Approximately at AD 350-500 the rate of human impact upon environment increased notably.

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Section: Vegetation and Land Use Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeoecological evidence of agricultural activity and human impact on the environment at the ancient settlement centre of Keava, Estonia

Heinsalu¹,

Veski²

2010

Estonian J. Earth Sci.

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“…As an addition, different layers of meaning of the landscape have been studied (Lang 1999;Vedru 2002). A profound analysis of landscape studies in Estonian archaeology can be found in the article written by Valter Lang (Lang 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiencing the landscape

Vedru¹

2007

EJA

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The article is an attempt to analyse the sense of place and attitude towards the surrounding landscape of people as it can be traced on the basis of archaeological objects. A sense of place depends largely on the landscape experience and resulting from this, on the evaluation of places. Places on landscape have different value and are respectively used in different ways. At the same time, the use of landscape depends on the possibilities of local microenvironment. Nature can vary in a small area and people use these differences actively. Although landscapes change in the course of time, it can still be supposed what caused a certain use of landscape in some places. The article focuses on the visible archaeological objects on landscape. A case study has been carried out in Rebala, Jõelähtme and Võerdla villages in the historical Jõelähtme parish in Harjumaa. Undulating land and probably also bogs were of importance in Rebala and Võerdla villages during the Bronze and Pre-Roman Iron Ages. In Jõelähtme the most important features of landscape were river, karst and the rising and lowering of the earth. In later period, arable land shifted to the centre of attention and previous connections on the landscape and with it lost their meaning.On vaadeldud inimeste kohatunnet ja suhtumist ümbritsevasse maastikku, nagu seda võib oletada muististe põhjal. Kohatunne sõltub paljuski inimeste maastikukogemusest ja sellest tulenevalt kohtade väärtustamisest. Kohad maastikul on erineva tähtsusega ja vastavalt sellele on neid ka erinevalt kasutatud. Samas sõltub maastikukasutus ennekõike sellest, mida kohalikul mikrokeskkonnal pakkuda on. Ühes väikeses piirkonnas võib loodus olla eriilmeline ja seda kasutatakse inimeste poolt aktiivselt ära. Kuigi maastikud muutuvad aegade jooksul, on siiski võimalik oletada, mis võis ühel või teisel juhul osutuda maastikukasutusel määravaks. Artiklis on keskendutud nähtavatele monumentidele maastikul. Illustreerivateks näideteks on valitud Rebala ja selle naaberkülad ajaloolises Jõelähtme kihelkonnas Harjumaal. Pronksi-ja eelrooma rauaajal olid Rebalas olulised maapinna ebatasasused ning ilmselt ka sood ja/või rabad, Jõelähtmes olid tähtsamateks maastikuelementideks jõgi, karst ja maapinna tõusud ning langused. Hilisemal ajal nihkus tähelepanu keskmesse sobilik põllumaa ja varasemad seosed maastikul ning maastikuga kaotasid oma tähtsuse.

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Hunger, disease, and subtle lesions: Insights into systemic metabolic disease in fetal and perinatal remains from 13th‐ to 15th‐century Tartu, Estonia

Morrone

Tõrv

Piombino‐Mascali

et al. 2021

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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This paper reports a case study of 43 fetuses and perinates from four mass graves and two double burials from the cemetery of St. Jacob in Tartu (SE Estonia). The burials were dated to the 13th–15th centuries AD and located outside the cemetery walls, and likely can be linked to historically recorded episodes of famine and epidemic in medieval Livonia. All individuals belonged to the fetal and perinatal age categories, meaning they were either aborted or died around the time of birth. Ten perinates of these 43 individuals displayed skeletal evidence for systemic metabolic disease. The results of the bioarchaeological investigation provide insights into the effects upheavals of the time had on the weakest members of the society, especially the vulnerability of pregnant and lactating mothers to undernutrition and infections, and shed light on how the prematurely deceased were treated in this urban community. This may potentially explain the burial location. This work is the first detailed paleopathological study of non‐adults in medieval Estonia and the Baltic region, opening the way for further research on similar material in this geographical area.

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Archaeological Research in Estonia 1865–2005

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Palaeoecological evidence of agricultural activity and human impact on the environment at the ancient settlement centre of Keava, Estonia

Palaeoecological evidence of agricultural activity and human impact on the environment at the ancient settlement centre of Keava, Estonia

Experiencing the landscape

Hunger, disease, and subtle lesions: Insights into systemic metabolic disease in fetal and perinatal remains from 13th‐ to 15th‐century Tartu, Estonia

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