Archaebacterial lipid models: highly salt-tolerant membranes from 1,2-diphytanylglycero-3-phosphocholine

Yamauchi, Kiyoshi; Doi, Kuniyuki; Kinoshita, Masayoshi; Kii, Fumiko; Fukuda, Hideki

doi:10.1016/0005-2736(92)90355-p

Cited by 72 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It has been suggested in earlier studies using synthetic diphytanoyl PC that the salt stability of halophilic Archaea is caused by the presence of isoprenoid chains instead of straight fatty acyl chains (30). Because the isoprenoid chains are characteristic of all Archaea and are not specific to extreme halophiles, it appears that the presence of such chains alone cannot significantly modulate salt tolerance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Salt Tolerance of Archaeal Extremely Halophilic Lipid Membranes

Tenchov

Vescio

Sprott

et al. 2006

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The membranes of extremely halophilic Archaea are characterized by the abundance of a diacidic phospholipid, archaetidylglycerol methylphosphate (PGP-Me), which accounts for 50 -80 mol% of the polar lipids, and by the absence of phospholipids with choline, ethanolamine, inositol, and serine head groups. These membranes are stable in concentrated 3-5 M NaCl solutions, whereas membranes of non-halophilic Archaea, which do not contain PGP-Me, are unstable and leaky under such conditions. By x-ray diffraction and vesicle permeability measurements, we demonstrate that PGP-Me contributes in an essential way to membrane stability in hypersaline environments. Large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) prepared from the polar lipids of extreme halophiles, Halobacterium halobium and Halobacterium salinarum, retain entrapped carboxyfluorescein and resist aggregation in the whole range 0 -4 M NaCl, similarly to LUV prepared from purified PGP-Me. By contrast, LUV made of polar lipid extracts from moderately halophilic and non-halophilic Archaea (Methanococcus jannaschii, Methanosarcina mazei, Methanobrevibacter smithii) are leaky and aggregate at high salt concentrations. However, adding PGP-Me to M. mazei lipids results in gradual enhancement of LUV stability, correlating with the PGP-Me content. The LUV data are substantiated by the x-ray results, which show that H. halobium and M. mazei lipids have dissimilar phase behavior and form different structures at high NaCl concentrations. H. halobium lipids maintain an expanded lamellar structure with spacing of 8.5-9 nm, which is stable up to at least 100°C in 2 M NaCl and up to ϳ60°C in 4 M NaCl. However, M. mazei lipids form non-lamellar structures, represented by the Pn3m cubic phase and the inverted hexagonal H II phase. From these data, the forces preventing membrane aggregation in halophilic Archaea appear to be steric repulsion, because of the large head group of PGP-Me, or possibly out-of-plane bilayer undulations, rather than electrostatic repulsion attributed to the doubly charged PGP-Me head group.Microbial growth occurs over a wide range of salt concentrations spanning the whole range from fresh water environments to NaCl concentrations of 3-5 M (1-4). To survive under conditions of high salinity, halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms have developed specific cell and cell membrane adaptations (5). Eubacteria and other halotolerant organisms use organic solutes from the surroundings or synthesize compatible osmolytes to balance the high external osmotic pressure (1, 6). Extremely halophilic Archaea maintain osmotic balance by accumulating salts through osmoregulation (4) and have adapted their membranes to have low proton and sodium permeability at high salt concentrations (7). The membrane destabilizing effects caused by NaCl may be compensated for by a shift in lipid composition; for example, in Vibrio costicola, by a decrease in non-bilayer-forming phosphatidylethanolamine and a corresponding increase in phosphatidylglycerol (8).Halophilic and halotolerant microorganis...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Salt Tolerance of Archaeal Extremely Halophilic Lipid Membranes

Tenchov

Vescio

Sprott

et al. 2006

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…The advantage would be that the negative charges on the polar headgroups are shielded by the high ionic concentration, preventing disruption of the lipid bilayers due to chargerepulsive forces and providing a charge-stabilized lipid bilayer (Kates 1993). Yamauchi et al (1992) compared the stability of Halobacteria-like (Archaea-like) lipids with phospholipids that resemble typical bacterial lipids. They only studied lipids that differed in the acyl chains, using 1,2-diphytanylsn-glycero-3-phosphocholine as the archaeal model and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine as the bacterial counterpart.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the palmitoyl (bacteria-like) lipids could only form liposomes at the higher salt concentrations when prepared at very low lipid concentrations. The phytanyl lipids were found to be less permeable for carboxyfluorescein than the palmitoyl lipids (Yamauchi et al 1992). The high stability of the halo(alkali)phile phytanyl chain may result from the limited segmentary motion of tertiary carbon atoms (i.e., rotation of carbon atoms that are bound to three other C-atoms) that prevents kink formation in the archaeal phytanyl chains (Degani et al 1980).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid membranes from halophilic and alkali-halophilic Archaea have a low H + and Na + permeability at high salt concentration

et al. 1999

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Citation for published version (APA): van de Vossenberg, J. L. C. M., Driessen, A. J. M., Grant, W. D., & Konings, W. N. (1999). Lipid membranes from halophilic and alkali-halophilic Archaea have a low H+ and Na+ permeability at high salt concentration. Extremophiles, 3(4), 253 -257. DOI: 10.1007/s007920050124 Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. AbstractThe influence of pH and the salt concentration on the proton and sodium ion permeability of liposomes formed from lipids of the halophile Halobacterium salinarum and the haloalkaliphile Halorubrum vacuolatum were studied. In contrast with liposomes formed from Escherichia coli lipids, liposomes formed from halophilic lipids remained stable up to 4 M of NaCl and KCl. The proton permeability of the liposomes from lipids of halophiles was independent of the salt concentration and was essentially constant between pH 7 and pH 9. The sodium ion permeability increased with the salt concentration but was 10-to 100 fold lower than the proton permeability. It is concluded that the membranes of halophiles are stable over a wide range of salt concentrations and at elevated pH values and are well adapted to the halophilic conditions.

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“…The definition of archaeosomes includes the use of synthetically derived lipids that have the unique structural characteristics of archaeobacterial ether lipids, that is frequently branched phytanyl chains attached via ether bonds at sn-2, 3 glycerol carbons (Goyal et al, 2013a). The lipid membrane of archaeosomes can be found in the bilayer form if made completely from monopolar archaeol (diether) lipids, or a monolayer if made completely from bipolar caldarchaeol (tetraether) lipids, or a grouping of monolayers and bilayers if made from caldarchaeol lipids in addition to archaeol lipids or standard bilayer-forming phospholipids (Yamauchi et al, 1992). The large range of lipid structures reflects the need for Archaea to adjust their core lipid structures in order to ensure membrane functions despite harsh destabilizing environmental conditions .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeosomes: an excellent carrier for drug and cell delivery

et al. 2015

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Archaeosomes as liposomes made with one or more ether lipids that are unique to the domain of Archaeobacteria, found in Archaea constitute a novel family of liposome. Achaean-type lipids consist of archaeol (diether) and/or caldarchaeol (tetraether) core structures. Archaeosomes can be produced using standard procedures (hydrated film submitted to sonication, extrusion and detergent dialysis) at any temperature in the physiological range or lower, therefore making it possible to encapsulate thermally stable compounds. Various physiological as well as environmental factors affect its stability. Archaeosomes are widely used as drug delivery systems for cancer vaccines, Chagas disease, proteins and peptides, gene delivery, antigen delivery and delivery of natural antioxidant compounds. In this review article, our major aim was to explore the applications of this new carrier system in pharmaceutical field.

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Archaebacterial lipid models: highly salt-tolerant membranes from 1,2-diphytanylglycero-3-phosphocholine

Cited by 72 publications

References 16 publications

Salt Tolerance of Archaeal Extremely Halophilic Lipid Membranes

Salt Tolerance of Archaeal Extremely Halophilic Lipid Membranes

Lipid membranes from halophilic and alkali-halophilic Archaea have a low H + and Na + permeability at high salt concentration

Archaeosomes: an excellent carrier for drug and cell delivery

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