Archaeal Cell Walls

Klingl, Andreas; Pickl, Carolin; Flechsler, Jennifer

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-18768-2_14

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…The cause(s) for these differences remain speculative, but in the absence of evidence for the growth and entombment of the filamentous and coccoidal microbes at fundamentally different conditions, an explanation could be that taphonomy was influenced by the microbes themselves. Archaea and bacteria, both which are candidates for the observed microorganisms, show contrasting cell wall compositions: i) those of bacteria contain peptidoglycan (polysaccharide chains linked by peptide bonds); ii) those of archaea are composed of glycoproteins, pure proteins, or pseudopeptidoglycan, which is similar to peptidoglycan but contains different polysaccharide chains (Klingl et al, 2019; Silhavy et al, 2010). Such a difference, and perhaps contrasting metabolisms, would alter the microenvironment surrounding microbes, and thus phase stabilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Archaea and bacteria, both which are candidates for the observed microorganisms, show contrasting cell wall compositions: i) those of bacteria contain peptidoglycan (polysaccharide chains linked by peptide bonds); ii) those of archaea are composed of glycoproteins, pure proteins, or pseudopeptidoglycan, which is similar to peptidoglycan but contains different polysaccharide chains(Klingl et al, 2019;Silhavy et al, 2010). Such a difference, and perhaps contrasting metabolisms, would alter the microenvironment surrounding microbes, and thus phase stabilities.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Taphonomy of microorganisms and microbial microtextures at sulfidic hydrothermal vents: A case study from the Roman Ruins black smokers, Eastern Manus Basin

Baumgartner

Kranendonk

et al. 2022

Geobiology

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Biological activity at deep‐sea hydrothermal chimneys is driven by chemotrophic microorganisms that metabolize chemicals from the venting high‐temperature fluids. Understanding taphonomy and microbial microtextures in such environments is a necessity for micropaleontological and palaeoecological research. This study examines fossilized microorganisms and related microtextures in a recent black smoker from the Roman Ruins hydrothermal vent site, Eastern Manus Basin offshore of Papua New Guinea. Whereas the center of the examined sulfide chimney is dominated by high‐temperature mineralogy (chalcopyrite and dendritic sphalerite), filamentous and coccoidal biomorphs occur in an outer, warm zone of mixing between hydrothermal fluids and seawater, which is indicated by their occurrence within colloform and botryoidal pyrite of barite–pyrite coprecipitates. Both morphotypes can be interpreted as thermophilic microorganisms based on their occurrence in a high‐temperature habitat. Their separate (non‐commensal) occurrence hints at sensitivities to microenvironmental conditions, which is expectable for strong temperature, pH, and redox gradients at the walls of deep‐sea hydrothermal chimneys. Whereas both morphotypes experienced mild thermal overprint, taphonomic differences exist: (i) spaces left by cells in filamentous fossils are predominately filled by silica, whereas inter/extracellular features (crosswalls/septae and outer sheaths) are pyritized; (ii) coccoidal fossils show both silica‐ and pyrite‐infilled interiors, and generally better preservation of cell walls. These different manifestations presumably relate to an interplay between microenvironmental and biological factors, potentially contrasting metabolisms, and differences in cell wall chemistries of distinct bacteria and/or archaea. A further hypothesis is that the coccoidal features represent biofilm‐forming organisms, whose organic matter derivates contributed to the formation of intimately associated wavy and wrinkly carbonaceous laminations that are at least locally distinguishable from the texture of the surrounding pyrite. Hence, the presented data provide evidence that microtextures of microbiota from hydrothermal systems can have a similar significance for palaeobiological research as those from sedimentary environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Taphonomy of microorganisms and microbial microtextures at sulfidic hydrothermal vents: A case study from the Roman Ruins black smokers, Eastern Manus Basin

Baumgartner

Kranendonk

et al. 2022

Geobiology

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“…The architecture of archaeal cell envelopes can be very diverse (Albers and Meyer 2011;Klingl, Pickl and Flechsler 2019). However, studied Sulfolobales species mainly have a cytoplasmic membrane surrounded by a proteinaceous coat, called the Slayer.…”

Section: S-layermentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of thermoacidophilic archaea from the order Sulfolobales

Lewis

Recalde

Bräsen

et al. 2021

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

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Thermoacidophilic archaea belonging to the order Sulfolobales thrive in extreme biotopes, such as sulfuric hot springs and ore deposits. These microorganisms have been model systems for understanding life in extreme environments, as well as for probing the evolution of both molecular genetic processes and central metabolic pathways. Thermoacidophiles, such as the Sulfolobales, use typical microbial responses to persist in hot acid (e.g. motility, stress response, biofilm formation), albeit with some unusual twists. They also exhibit unique physiological features, including iron and sulfur chemolithoautotrophy, that differentiate them from much of the microbial world. Although first discovered more than 50 years ago, it was not until recently that genome sequence data and facile genetic tools have been developed for species in the Sulfolobales. These advances have not only opened up ways to further the probe novel features of these microbes, but have also paved the way for potential biotechnological applications. Discussed here are the nuances of the thermoacidophilic lifestyle of the Sulfolobales, including their evolutionary placement, cell biology, survival strategies, genetic tools, metabolic processes, and physiological attributes together with how these characteristics make thermoacidophiles ideal platforms for specialized industrial processes.

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“…An alternative explanation could be that the inherent properties of T4P might assist, directly or otherwise, in the genome delivery into the cell interior. For instance, T4P might be landmarks for the openings in the S-layer, an external crystalline protein layer surrounding archaeal cells 42,43 , which has to be penetrated during the delivery of the viral genome. Furthermore, it has been previously suggested that SIRV2 initially binds to the tips of T4P and progressively moves along the pilus to the cell body, where genome deliver takes place 16 .…”

Section: °Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structures of two archaeal type IV pili illuminate evolutionary relationships

Wang

Baquero

et al. 2020

Nat Commun

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We have determined the cryo-electron microscopic (cryo-EM) structures of two archaeal type IV pili (T4P), from Pyrobaculum arsenaticum and Saccharolobus solfataricus, at 3.8 Å and 3.4 Å resolution, respectively. This triples the number of high resolution archaeal T4P structures, and allows us to pinpoint the evolutionary divergence of bacterial T4P, archaeal T4P and archaeal flagellar filaments. We suggest that extensive glycosylation previously observed in T4P of Sulfolobus islandicus is a response to an acidic environment, as at even higher temperatures in a neutral environment much less glycosylation is present for Pyrobaculum than for Sulfolobus and Saccharolobus pili. Consequently, the Pyrobaculum filaments do not display the remarkable stability of the Sulfolobus filaments in vitro. We identify the Saccharolobus and Pyrobaculum T4P as host receptors recognized by rudivirus SSRV1 and tristromavirus PFV2, respectively. Our results illuminate the evolutionary relationships among bacterial and archaeal T4P filaments and provide insights into archaeal virus-host interactions.

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Archaeal Cell Walls

Cited by 14 publications

References 116 publications

Taphonomy of microorganisms and microbial microtextures at sulfidic hydrothermal vents: A case study from the Roman Ruins black smokers, Eastern Manus Basin

Taphonomy of microorganisms and microbial microtextures at sulfidic hydrothermal vents: A case study from the Roman Ruins black smokers, Eastern Manus Basin

The biology of thermoacidophilic archaea from the order Sulfolobales

The structures of two archaeal type IV pili illuminate evolutionary relationships

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