Arch of the Azygos Vein Varix: A Source of Pulmonary Emboli Excluded with AMPLATZER Plug Occlusion

Davis, Brady S.; Cretcher, Max R.; Gover, David D.; Thoreson, Andrew A.

doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2016.10.005

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Summarizing the previously reported cases, most of the patients were asymptomatic or had their AVA discovered incidentally on physical examination for other reasons. Among the common symptoms in patients, 13 patients had chest pain [ 12 – 15 , 17 , 18 , 20 , 22 , 26 , 35 , 44 , 48 , 60 ], 10 patients had chest tightness and even dyspnea [ 3 , 6 , 19 – 21 , 23 , 25 , 45 ], 4 patients had cough [ 3 , 9 , 43 , 53 ], 3 patients had symptoms of dysphagia [ 19 , 43 , 59 ], and 3 patients' AVAs were accidentally discovered in trauma [ 3 , 11 ]. Contrast-enhanced CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the main noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of AVA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-port thoracoscopic removal of an azygos vein aneurysm: a case report and literature review

Yao

Xie

et al. 2023

J Cardiothorac Surg

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Background Azygos vein aneurysms (AVAs) are extremely rare. The majority of patients have no obvious clinical symptoms, so they are found by physical examination or by chance. There is limited clinical treatment experience that can be referred to, and there are no clear guidelines or research evidence standardizing the surgical and interventional therapy. Here, we report a patient with idiopathic AVA whose three-dimensional reconstruction of the tumor was completed before surgery. On the basis of three-dimensional reconstruction, single-port thoracoscopic resection of the AVA was successfully completed and reported for the first time. The previously reported cases are summarized to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with AVAs. Case presentation A 56-year-old man was transferred to our hospital due to “dysphagia”. The diagnosis of AVA was made after enhanced computed tomography, gastroscopy, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and three-dimensional reconstruction. Congenital weakness or degenerative changes causes the vein walls to be extremely thin that the AVA had the risk of ruptur. Furthermore, the patient had symptoms of dysphagia, he received single-port thoracoscopic surgery. After the operation, his dysphagia disappeared. The postoperative pathology confirmed hemangioma. The patient was discharged 3 days after surgery without any complications. Conclusions AVAs are rare. Preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction can greatly help surgeons clarify the disease diagnosis, formulate the surgical plan, avoid damage to the surrounding vital organs, and reduce intraoperative bleeding. Thoracoscopic surgery to remove AVAs is difficult and has a high risk of bleeding, while more minimally invasive single-port thoracoscopic surgery is also safe and effective for the treatment of AVAs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-port thoracoscopic removal of an azygos vein aneurysm: a case report and literature review

Yao

Xie

et al. 2023

J Cardiothorac Surg

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“…Summarizing the previously reported cases, most of the patients were asymptomatic or had their AVA discovered incidentally on physical examination for other reasons. Among the common symptoms in patients, 13 patients had chest pain [9][10][11][12][14][15]17,19,23,34,43,47,59] , 10 patients had chest tightness and even dyspnea [2][3][16][17][18]20,22,44] , 4 patients had cough [2,6,42,52] , 3 patients had symptoms of dysphagia [16,42,58] , and 3 patients' AVAs were accidentally discovered in trauma [2,8] . Contrast-enhanced CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the main noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of AVA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, interventional therapy is a relatively new option for AVA. There are case reports of successful implantation of covered stents within the aneurysm [9,11,22,34] , transcatheter embolization of the aneurysms [4,10] and Amplatzer closure occlusion of tumor blood vessels [34] . Due to the physiological curvature of the AV, the scope of indications of interventional therapy is narrow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-port thoracoscopic removal of an azygos vein aneurysm: A case report and literature review

Yao¹,

Hu²,

Xie³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Azygos vein aneurysms (AVAs) are extremely rare. The majority of patients have no obvious clinical symptoms, so they are found by physical examination or by chance. There is limited clinical treatment experience that can be referred to, and there are no clear guidelines or research evidence standardizing the surgical and interventional therapy. Here, we report a patient with idiopathic AVA whose three-dimensional reconstruction of the tumor was completed before surgery. On the basis of three-dimensional reconstruction, single-port thoracoscopic resection of the AVA was successfully completed and reported for the first time. The previously reported cases are summarized to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with AVAs. Case presentation: A 56-year-old man was transferred to our hospital due to "dysphagia". The diagnosis of AVA was made after enhanced computed tomography, gastroscopy, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and three-dimensional reconstruction. Because the patient had symptoms of dysphagia and the AVA had the risk of rupture, he received single-port thoracoscopic surgery. After the operation, his dysphagia disappeared. The postoperative pathology confirmed hemangioma. The patient was discharged three days after surgery without any complications. Conclusions: AVAs are rare. Preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction can greatly help surgeons clarify the disease diagnosis, formulate the surgical plan, avoid damage to the surrounding vital organs, and reduce intraoperative bleeding. Thoracoscopic surgery to remove AVAs is difficult and has a high risk of bleeding, while more minimally invasive single-port thoracoscopic surgery is also safe and effective for the treatment of AVAs.

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“…Marked enlargement of a portion of the azygos vein has been referred to as a varix ( 3 , 4 ) or an aneurysm ( 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ). Some authors suggest that a venous varix and a venous aneurysm have different vessel wall histology ( 5 ), with varices having increased fibrous tissue and medial thickening and aneurysms showing reduced number and size of muscle and elastic fibers, intimal hyalinization, fragmentation of the internal elastic lamella, and excessive fibrous connective tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cardiac catheter intervention has also been described. Techniques include coil occlusion of the varix ( 9 ), Amplatzer device placement in the azygous vein on both sides of the varix ( 4 , 10 ), and covered stent implantation within the varix ( 7 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exclusion of an Azygos Vein Varix With a Covered Stent

et al. 2020

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Arch of the Azygos Vein Varix: A Source of Pulmonary Emboli Excluded with AMPLATZER Plug Occlusion

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Single-port thoracoscopic removal of an azygos vein aneurysm: a case report and literature review

Single-port thoracoscopic removal of an azygos vein aneurysm: a case report and literature review

Single-port thoracoscopic removal of an azygos vein aneurysm: A case report and literature review

Exclusion of an Azygos Vein Varix With a Covered Stent

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