Arc-shaped fiber coated with Ta2AlC MAX phase as mode-locker for pulse laser generation in thulium/holmium doped fiber laser

Methods Controlling Radiation Parameters of Mode-Locked All-Fiberized Lasers

“…Another way of action on radiation propagating down the optical fibre core and fully contained inside is a modification of the fibre that allows the radiation in the core to partially spread outside (for example, as an evanescent field: D-shaped fibres [54] or tapered fibres [55,56]). Fibre modification technologies may include side polishing [57,58], chemical [59] or CO 2 laser etching [60,61], femtosecond laser-induced water breakdown [62], or D-shaped fibre drawn from D-shaped preforms [63], or arc-shaped fibre [64], or others. Furthermore, for affecting the radiation in the fibre core, the corresponding modifications may be made directly to the core: it may be local or periodic changes in the core refractive index by UV radiation [65,66] or by ultra-short laser pulses [64], introduction directly into the core of some material through a microscopic hole in the fibre [67], or formation of a micro-cavity inside the fibre [68].…”

“…Fibre modification technologies may include side polishing [57,58], chemical [59] or CO 2 laser etching [60,61], femtosecond laser-induced water breakdown [62], or D-shaped fibre drawn from D-shaped preforms [63], or arc-shaped fibre [64], or others. Furthermore, for affecting the radiation in the fibre core, the corresponding modifications may be made directly to the core: it may be local or periodic changes in the core refractive index by UV radiation [65,66] or by ultra-short laser pulses [64], introduction directly into the core of some material through a microscopic hole in the fibre [67], or formation of a micro-cavity inside the fibre [68]. Additional optical action on the fibre core may be created by a V-groove [69].…”

Optical modulation in Er-doped fiber laser delivering dark pulse utilizing side polished fiber coated with Ti3AlC2 as saturable absorber

“…Ti 3 AlC 2 used in this work is capable to generate dark pulse owing to its high order nonlinearity induced when light interacted with it within SPF [34]. Additionally, Ti 3 AlC 2 , belonging to MAX phase material has been proven to induce short pulse in fiber laser system [32,35,36]. The interaction of evanescence field and Ti 3 AlC 2 provides ample nonlinearity to meet the requirement of CQNLSE dark pulse formation.…”

Bimetallic solid solution MAX phase Ti2NbAlC2 as saturable absorber for passively Q-switched Er3+-doped fiber laser

“…Figures 1(a) and (b) illustrate the crystal structure and layered structure of (Ti 1−x Nb x ) 3 AlC 2 solid solutions (x = 1/3 in this work), respectively [31]. Recently, multiple MAX phases have been used as SAs in the realm of pulse laser, for example, Cr 2 AlC [32], Nb 2 AlC [33,34], Ta 2 AlC [35], Ta 4 AlC 3 [36], Ti 2 AlC [37,38], Ti 2 AlN [39], Ti 3 AlC 2 [40], V 2 AlC [41]. To our knowledge, the Ti 2 NbAlC 2 has not been reported as a saturable absorber so far.…”