Arc-Induced Long-Period Fiber Gratings at INESC TEC. Part II: Properties and Applications in Optical Communications and Sensing

Rego, G.; Caldas, Paulo; Иванов, О.

doi:10.3390/s21175914

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…The temperature, strain, torsion, bending, and SRI characteristics have been compared. The CO 2 -laser writing technique and arc discharge technique (Rego et al, 2021a;Rego et al, 2021b) are widely used for the fabrication of LPFGs and HLPGs (Ma et al, 2021) due to their unique writing methods that can fabricate gratings with tendency of repeatability, high quality, and low cost. In recent years, the research of HLPG has attracted the attention of many research groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Few-Mode Fiber-Based Long-Period Fiber Gratings: A Review

Chen,

Ma,

et al. 2024

JOPR

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Long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) are efficient ways to achieve high-order core mode conversion and vortex mode conversion in few-mode fibers (FMFs), which have the benefits of flexible structure, high integration, low insertion loss, and strong wavelength selectivity. With the rapid development of mode division multiplexing (MDM) optical communications, the FMF-LPFGs could have promising applications in the field of MDM optical communications and optical sensors. In this paper, we briefly introduce the principle of optical coupling, theoretical analysis, fabrication techniques, and applications of the FMF-LPFGs in optical communications and optical sensors. The CO2-laser writing technique and arc discharge technique are widely used for the fabrication of FMF-LPFGs and FMF helical long-period gratings (HLPGs). The hydrogen-oxygen flame technique has the advantage on the fabrication of FMF-HLPGs. The mechanical micro-bending and acoustic induction techniques are flexible and effective methods in fundamental researches. The femtosecond laser technique has the advantages for the fabrication of parallel FMF-LPFGs and micro-structure FMF-LPFGs. The mode converters based on the FMF-LPFGs have been demonstrated using different inscription techniques. The FMF-LPFG converters have the advantages such as temperature insensitivity and wavelength tunability. The broadband converters have been demonstrated based on the phase-shift FMF-LPFG, cascaded FMF-LPFGs, and FMF-LPFG operating at dispersion turning point. The FMF-LPFGs and FMF-HLPGs are an excellent option to generate all-fiber orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes in different specialty FMFs, especially the FMF-HLPGs can excite different-order OAM modes directly. As the novel fiber component, the sensing application of FMF-LPFGs and FMF-HLPGs is also briefly introduced.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Few-Mode Fiber-Based Long-Period Fiber Gratings: A Review

Chen,

Ma,

et al. 2024

JOPR

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“…When compared to conventional FBGs, the fabrication of modified FBGs is time consuming and the temperature sensitivity improvement is limited [ 20 ]. On the other hand, it is known that long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) possess higher temperature sensitivity, typically an order of magnitude higher for temperatures above room temperature [ 21 ]. However, research involving the use of LPFGs at cryogenic temperatures is very scarce [ 22 , 23 , 24 ], possibly due to two main factors: they need access to both sides of the fiber, and they are also very sensitive to bending.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Sensitivity Cryogenic Temperature Sensors Based on Arc-Induced Long-Period Fiber Gratings

Иванов

Caldas

Rego

2022

Sensors

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In this paper, we investigated the evolution of the dispersion curves of long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) from room temperature down to 0 K. We considered gratings arc-induced in the SMF28 fiber and in two B/Ge co-doped fibers. Computer simulations were performed based on previously published experimental data. We found that the dispersion curves belonging to the lowest-order cladding modes are the most affected by the temperature changes, but those changes are minute when considering cladding modes with dispersion turning points (DTP) in the telecommunication windows. The temperature sensitivity is higher for gratings inscribed in the B/Ge co-doped fibers near DTP and the optimum grating period can be chosen at room temperature. A temperature sensitivity as high as −850 pm/K can be obtained in the 100–200 K temperature range, while a value of −170 pm/K is reachable at 20 K.

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“…With the maturity of fiber grating inscription technology in recent years, it has been widely used in fiber optic communication [17,18] and fiber sensing [19][20][21], especially in the flatness of the gain and ASE suppression [22][23][24]. The TFBG is selected for the required flattening requirements and existing conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband, Continuous-Wave, Mid-Infrared Generation Based on TFBG Spectral Modulation

Wang

et al. 2022

IEEE Photonics J.

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We demonstrated a tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG)-based modulated amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) source, followed by the broadband, continuous-wave (CW) mid-infrared laser generated by intracavity difference-frequency generation (DFG). By flattening the spectrum of the ASE source during its power amplification and injecting another 1018 nm fiber laser in the optical parametric oscillation(OPO) cavity, nonlinear frequency conversion was achieved in the nonlinear crystal. By tuning the polarization period of the crystal, a three-peaked mid-infrared laser with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 130 nm and a four-peaked mid-infrared laser with an FWHM of 180 nm was generated.

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Arc-Induced Long-Period Fiber Gratings at INESC TEC. Part II: Properties and Applications in Optical Communications and Sensing

Cited by 7 publications

References 161 publications

Few-Mode Fiber-Based Long-Period Fiber Gratings: A Review

Few-Mode Fiber-Based Long-Period Fiber Gratings: A Review

High Sensitivity Cryogenic Temperature Sensors Based on Arc-Induced Long-Period Fiber Gratings

Broadband, Continuous-Wave, Mid-Infrared Generation Based on TFBG Spectral Modulation

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