Arbuscular mycorrhizas modify tomato responses to soil zinc and phosphorus addition

Watts‐Williams, Stephanie J.; Cavagnaro, Timothy R.

doi:10.1007/s00374-011-0621-x

Cited by 77 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…Mycorrhizal dependency was quantified by the ratio of mean dry weights of inoculated plants to corresponding noninoculated plants . The mycorrhizal P response (%MPR) was calculated by using the individual P content of mycorrhizal plants (AM plants) and mean P content of nonmycorrhizal plants (non‐AM plants) (Equation ) at each Cr(VI) addition level.

% M P R = \frac{P content (AM plant) - m e a n P content (nonAM plant)}{m e a n P content (nonAM plant)} \times 100

Similarly, the mycorrhizal Cr response (%MCrR) was calculated by using individual Cr content of mycorrhizal plants and mean Cr content of nonmycorrhizal plants (Equation ) at each Cr(VI) addition level.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mycorrhizal P response (%MPR) was calculated by using the individual P content of mycorrhizal plants (AM plants) and mean P content of nonmycorrhizal plants (non‐AM plants) (Equation ) at each Cr(VI) addition level.

% M P R = \frac{P content (AM plant) - m e a n P content (nonAM plant)}{m e a n P content (nonAM plant)} \times 100

% M C r R = \frac{C r content (AM plant) - m e a n C r content (nonAM plant)}{m e a n C r content (nonAM plant)} \times 100

The mycorrhizal P response and mycorrhizal Cr response data were analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the significance of plant species and Cr(VI) addition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chromium resistance of dandelion (Taraxacum platypecidum Diels.) and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [Linn.] Pers.) is enhanced by arbuscular mycorrhiza in Cr(VI)‐contaminated soils

Chen

Sun

et al. 2014

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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In a greenhouse pot experiment, dandelion (Taraxacum platypecidum Diels.) and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon[Linn.] Pers.), inoculated with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis, were grown in chromium (Cr)-amended soils (0 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 20 mg/kg Cr[VI]) to test whether arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis can improve Cr tolerance in different plant species. The experimental results indicated that the dry weights of both plant species were dramatically increased by AM symbiosis. Mycorrhizal colonization increased plant P concentrations and decreased Cr concentrations and Cr translocation from roots to shoots for dandelion; in contrast, mycorrhizal colonization decreased plant Cr concentrations without improvement of P nutrition in bermudagrass. Chromium speciation analysis revealed that AM symbiosis potentially altered Cr species and bioavailability in the rhizosphere. The study confirmed the protective effects of AMF on host plants under Cr contaminations.

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% M P R = \frac{P content (AM plant) - m e a n P content (nonAM plant)}{m e a n P content (nonAM plant)} \times 100

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

% M P R = \frac{P content (AM plant) - m e a n P content (nonAM plant)}{m e a n P content (nonAM plant)} \times 100

% M C r R = \frac{C r content (AM plant) - m e a n C r content (nonAM plant)}{m e a n C r content (nonAM plant)} \times 100

The mycorrhizal P response and mycorrhizal Cr response data were analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the significance of plant species and Cr(VI) addition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium resistance of dandelion (Taraxacum platypecidum Diels.) and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [Linn.] Pers.) is enhanced by arbuscular mycorrhiza in Cr(VI)‐contaminated soils

Chen

Sun

et al. 2014

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Others used tomato mutants with reduced mycorrhizal colonization (Cavagnaro et al . , ; Watts‐Williams & Cavagnaro ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silencing a key gene of the common symbiosis pathway in Nicotiana attenuata specifically impairs arbuscular mycorrhizal infection without influencing the root‐associated microbiome or plant growth

Groten

Nawaz

Nguyen

et al. 2015

Plant Cell & Environment

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While the biochemical function of calcium and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) is well studied, and plants impaired in the expression of CCaMK are known not to be infected by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in glasshouse studies, the whole-plant and ecological consequences of CCaMK silencing are not well understood. Here we show that three independently transformed lines of Nicotiana attenuata plants silenced in CCaMK (irCCaMK) are neither infected by Rhizophagus irregularis in the glasshouse nor by native fungal inoculum in the field. The overall fungal community of field-grown roots did not differ significantly among empty vector (EV) and the transgenic lines, and the bacterial communities only showed minor differences, as revealed by the alpha-diversity parameters of bacterial OTUs, which were higher in EV plants compared with two of the three transformed lines, while beta-diversity parameters did not differ. Furthermore, growth and fitness parameters were similar in the glasshouse and field. Herbivory-inducible and basal levels of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and abscisic acid did not differ among the genotypes, suggesting that activation of the classical defence pathways are not affected by CCaMK silencing. Based on these results, we conclude that silencing of CCaMK has few, if any, non-target effects.

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“…This relationship supplies water and nutrients, particularly phosphate [3] but also nitrogen (ammonium) [4] and other metals and salts including zinc [5,6], to the host plant. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate biotrophs, relying on living root tissue for carbohydrate supply and to complete their asexual life cycle [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AMF may also have potential for phytoremediation [36][37][38]; however, this review focusses on approaches that could be taken by crop breeding rather that adding AMF to soil. [4,[60][61][62][63][64][65][66] Water acquisition [67,68] Zinc acquisition [5,6] Drought tolerance [67,68] Salinity tolerance [29,[69][70][71] Reduced arsenic toxicity [72,73] Reduced sulphur starvation [74,75] Reduced phosphate toxicity [76] Reduced assimilation of adverse heavy metals [19,36,77] Disease resistance Increased resistance to root [31,[78][79][80] and foliar [81][82][83][84][85] pathogens Reduced arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in mlo mutants [86] Jasmonic acid production [87][88][89][90] Components required for AM colonization used by pathogens, Golovinomyces cichoracerum (DC.) V.P.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade-Offs in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis: Disease Resistance, Growth Responses and Perspectives for Crop Breeding

2017

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Abstract:There is an increasing need to develop high-yielding, disease-resistant crops and reduce fertilizer usage. Combining disease resistance with efficient nutrient assimilation through improved associations with symbiotic microorganisms would help to address this. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbiotic relationships with most terrestrial plants, resulting in nutritional benefits and the enhancement of stress tolerance and disease resistance. Despite these advantages, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) interactions are not normally directly considered in plant breeding. Much of our understanding of the mechanisms of AM symbiosis comes from model plants, which typically exhibit positive growth responses. However, applying this knowledge to crops has not been straightforward. In many crop plants, phosphate uptake and growth responses in AM-colonized plants are variable, with AM plants exhibiting sometimes zero or negative growth responses and lower levels of phosphate acquisition. Host plants must also balance the ability to host AMF with the ability to resist pathogens. Advances in understanding the plant immune system have revealed similarities between pathogen infection and AM colonization that may lead to trade-offs between symbiosis and disease resistance. This review considers the potential trade-offs between AM colonization, agronomic traits and disease resistance and highlights the need for translational research to apply fundamental knowledge to crop improvement.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizas modify tomato responses to soil zinc and phosphorus addition

Cited by 77 publications

References 54 publications

Chromium resistance of dandelion (Taraxacum platypecidum Diels.) and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [Linn.] Pers.) is enhanced by arbuscular mycorrhiza in Cr(VI)‐contaminated soils

Chromium resistance of dandelion (Taraxacum platypecidum Diels.) and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [Linn.] Pers.) is enhanced by arbuscular mycorrhiza in Cr(VI)‐contaminated soils

Silencing a key gene of the common symbiosis pathway in Nicotiana attenuata specifically impairs arbuscular mycorrhizal infection without influencing the root‐associated microbiome or plant growth

Trade-Offs in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis: Disease Resistance, Growth Responses and Perspectives for Crop Breeding

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