Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus alleviates alfalfa leaf spots caused by
            <i>Phoma medicaginis</i>
            revealed by RNA‐seq analysis

Li, Yingde; Duan, Taizhong; Zhang, Nan

doi:10.1111/jam.14387

Cited by 42 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…For example, Ga165 more strongly up-regulated defense-response genes in the shoots (Fig. 7B), two of which (Medtr4g120760 and Medtr8g096900) are upregulated in alfalfa when challenged with the foliar fungal pathogen Phoma medicaginis (Li et al, 2019a) and pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum; Li et al, 2019b). As such, Ga165 may be more effective than Ri09 at priming host defense responses thereby preventing infection from pathogens and mitigating arthropod attack as has been described previously for other AM fungal species (Liu et al, 2007;Sharma et al, 2017).…”

Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 56%

Physiological and transcriptomic response of Medicago truncatula to colonization with high and low benefit arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Cope

Kafle

Yakha

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi provide their host plants with greater access to limited mineral nutrients, but the amount they provide can be variable. Here, we evaluated the capacity of the high-benefit fungus Rhizophagus irregularis 09 and the low-benefit fungus Glomus aggregatum 165 to transfer nitrogen and phosphorus to the host plant Medicago truncatula, and identified putative molecular mechanisms regulating the physiological response of the host to these fungi. R. irregularis led to an increase in plant biomass and transferred more nitrogen and phosphate to the host than G. aggregatum. This increase was linked to elevated expression of known mycorrhiza-induced phosphate (PT8), ammonium (AMT2;3), and nitrate (NPF4.12) transporters in the roots, as well as the putative ammonium transporter NIP1;5. R. irregularis also stimulated the expression of photosynthesis related genes in the shoot and the upregulation of the mycorrhiza-induced sugar transporter SWEET1.2 and the lipid biosynthesis gene RAM2 in the roots, which is indicative of increased carbon flux to this fungus. In contrast, G. aggregatum induced biotic stress defense response genes (e.g., Medtr4g120760 and Medtr8g096900) in the shoots, and several genes associated with the GO term “response to water deprivation” in the roots of M. truncatula. This could indicate that the host perceives colonization by the low-benefit fungus as pathogen attack, or that G. aggregatum is more effective than R. irregularis at priming host defense responses. Our findings reveal novel insights into the molecular mechanisms by which host plants reward high-but sanction low-benefit arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts.One sentence summaryColonization with high- and low-benefit arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi leads to distinct physiological and transcriptomic changes in the roots and shoots of Medicago truncatula.

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Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 56%

Physiological and transcriptomic response of Medicago truncatula to colonization with high and low benefit arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Cope

Kafle

Yakha

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…A previous study showed that the disease can cause the blockage of the vascular system, resulting in xylem pressure that increases the hydraulic resistance of the vascular system and reduces the photosynthesis rate, thereby reducing the supply of photosynthetic products to the roots (Corriveau and Carroll, 1984). Disease can also reduce the expression of genes related to photosynthesis (Li et al, 2019), thus reducing the C provided to the AM fungus. The reasons described above may have caused the decline of AM fungus after infection with C. lentis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five approximately 0.2 g subsamples of shoots were used to detect chitinase activity (Yang et al, 2011), JA (Wang, 2006), SA (El-Beltagi et al, 2017), MDA (Wang, 2006), and proline (Zhang et al, 1990), respectively. In addition, 0.5 g of shoots was used to re-isolate the pathogen C. lentis to meet Koch's postulates (Li et al, 2019). The remaining portion of the shoots was used to determine the dry weight (from the fresh weight: dry weight ratios of the subsamples).…”

Section: Plant Harvest and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are widely distributed in agroecosystems, and 90% of vascular plants can form mycorrhizal structures (Smith and Read, 2008). AM fungi have important functions in plants against diseases (Akhtar et al, 2011), including aboveground diseases, such as alfalfa leaf spots caused by Phoma medicaginis (Li et al, 2019) and powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis in barley (Ruiz-Lozano et al, 1999), as well as belowground diseases, such as pea (Pisum sativum) root rot caused by the Aphanomyces euteiches (Thygesen et al, 2004). Anthracnose of common vetch is a pathogen that can infect both the below-and aboveground organs of a host plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the AM Fungus Sieverdingia tortuosa on Common Vetch Responses to an Anthracnose Pathogen

Ding

Zhang

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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Colletotrichum lentis Damm causes anthracnose in Vicia sativa L, otherwise known as common vetch. It was first reported in China in 2019. This study evaluates the effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Sieverdingia tortuosa (N.C. Schenck & G.S. Sm.) Błaszk., Niezgoda, & B.T. Goto on growth and disease severity in common vetch. Our main finding is that the AM fungus increased root biomass and reduced anthracnose severity of common vetch. Responses correlated with defense, such as chitinase activity, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, the concentrations of jasmonic acid and proline, and the expression of resistance-related genes (e.g., upregulated “signal transduction,” “MAPK signaling pathway,” “chitinase activity,” “response to stress,” and the KEGG pathways “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,” “MAPK signaling pathways,” and “plant-pathogen interactions”), were also affected These findings provide insight into the mechanism by which this AM fungus regulates the defense response of common vetch to C. lentis.

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“…AMF provides resistance against many biotic and abiotic stresses [ 108 , 158 , 159 , 160 , 161 , 162 , 163 , 164 , 165 , 166 , 167 , 168 ]. Phenolic compounds are important secondary metabolites in disease suppression or defense mechanisms against other stress.…”

Section: Secondary Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-Induced Changes in Plant Primary and Secondary Metabolome

2020

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is among the most ubiquitous plant mutualists that enhance plant growth and yield by facilitating the uptake of phosphorus and water. The countless interactions that occur in the rhizosphere between plants and its AMF symbionts are mediated through the plant and fungal metabolites that ensure partner recognition, colonization, and establishment of the symbiotic association. The colonization and establishment of AMF reprogram the metabolic pathways of plants, resulting in changes in the primary and secondary metabolites, which is the focus of this review. During initial colonization, plant–AMF interaction is facilitated through the regulation of signaling and carotenoid pathways. After the establishment, the AMF symbiotic association influences the primary metabolism of the plant, thus facilitating the sharing of photosynthates with the AMF. The carbon supply to AMF leads to the transport of a significant amount of sugars to the roots, and also alters the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Apart from the nutrient exchange, the AMF imparts abiotic stress tolerance in host plants by increasing the abundance of several primary metabolites. Although AMF initially suppresses the defense response of the host, it later primes the host for better defense against biotic and abiotic stresses by reprogramming the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Additionally, the influence of AMF on signaling pathways translates to enhanced phytochemical content through the upregulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway, which improves the quality of the plant products. These phytometabolome changes induced by plant–AMF interaction depends on the identity of both plant and AMF species, which could contribute to the differential outcome of this symbiotic association. A better understanding of the phytochemical landscape shaped by plant–AMF interactions would enable us to harness this symbiotic association to enhance plant performance, particularly under non-optimal growing conditions.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus alleviates alfalfa leaf spots caused by Phoma medicaginis revealed by RNA‐seq analysis

Cited by 42 publications

References 39 publications

Physiological and transcriptomic response of Medicago truncatula to colonization with high and low benefit arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Physiological and transcriptomic response of Medicago truncatula to colonization with high and low benefit arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Effect of the AM Fungus Sieverdingia tortuosa on Common Vetch Responses to an Anthracnose Pathogen

Unraveling Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-Induced Changes in Plant Primary and Secondary Metabolome

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