Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce root-knot nematode penetration through altered root exudation of their host

Vos, Christine; Claerhout, Sofie; Mkandawire, Rachel; Panis, Bart; Waele, Dirk De; Elsen, Annemie

doi:10.1007/s11104-011-1070-x

Cited by 98 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The production of secondary fungal metabolites and enzymes such as chitinases may attribute to toxicity against plant parasitic nematodes (Shinya et al 2008). Similar results were obtained earlier with root exudates from tomato plants colonized by the AMF fungus Glomus mosseae which reduced nematode penetration (Vos et al 2011). Varma and Wieczorek (unpublished data) exhibited that P. indica colonizes roots of many plant species, including A. thaliana and promote their growth, development and seed production as well as confers resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses.…”

Section: Fungal Endophyte and Biotic Stresssupporting

confidence: 75%

An ecological role of fungal endophytes to ameliorate plants under biotic stress

et al. 2015

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It is our consensus that plants survive and flourish in stressed ecosystems because of endosymbiotic organisms that have co-evolved and were essential for their adaptation to changing environments. Some of these microbial components are noncultivable and vertically transmitted from generation to generation. They represent a vast reservoir of heritable DNA that can enhance plant performance in changing environments and add genetic flexibility to adaptation of long-lived plants. If such endophytes can be identified that not only persist in progeny of novel hosts, but can confer benefits in mechanized, agricultural systems, they would be increasingly important in agricultural production and lead to a rapid and economical method of providing novel germplasms of native and crop plants. In the present review, authors advocate the deployment of fungal diversity and its role to overcome the biotic stress in plants. Endophytic fungal association with plants helps it to protect from various pathogen and pests and adapt to survive in harsh biotic and abiotic stress condition.

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Section: Fungal Endophyte and Biotic Stresssupporting

confidence: 75%

An ecological role of fungal endophytes to ameliorate plants under biotic stress

et al. 2015

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“…In most cases, the protective effect is not only related to damage compensation or tolerance, but frequently the reduced damage also correlates with a decrease of the pathogen content within plant tissues (reviewed by Whipps, 2004). Similarly, there are many studies that show a clear reduction of the detrimental effects by endoparasitic nematodes such as Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne in mycorrhizal plants (Pinochet et al, 1996;De La Peña et al, 2006;Li et al, 2006;Elsen et al, 2008;Vos et al, 2011). Recently, a decrease on the development of ectoparasitic nematodes also has been described (Hao et al, 2012).…”

Section: Mycorrhiza Effects On Below-ground Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhiza-Induced Resistance and Priming of Plant Defenses

et al. 2012

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Symbioses between plants and beneficial soil microorganisms like arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to promote plant growth and help plants to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses. Profound physiological changes take place in the host plant upon root colonization by AMF affecting the interactions with a wide range of organisms below- and above-ground. Protective effects of the symbiosis against pathogens, pests, and parasitic plants have been described for many plant species, including agriculturally important crop varieties. Besides mechanisms such as improved plant nutrition and competition, experimental evidence supports a major role of plant defenses in the observed protection. During mycorrhiza establishment, modulation of plant defense responses occurs thus achieving a functional symbiosis. As a consequence of this modulation, a mild, but effective activation of the plant immune responses seems to occur, not only locally but also systemically. This activation leads to a primed state of the plant that allows a more efficient activation of defense mechanisms in response to attack by potential enemies. Here, we give an overview of the impact on interactions between mycorrhizal plants and pathogens, herbivores, and parasitic plants, and we summarize the current knowledge of the underlying mechanisms. We focus on the priming of jasmonate-regulated plant defense mechanisms that play a central role in the induction of resistance by arbuscular mycorrhizas.

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“…But biological control agent like arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may offer an alternative to pesticide use that is more sustainable and environment friendly (Dong and Zhang 2006). Vos et al (2012) reported that nematode penetration was significantly reduced in tomato roots while treated by the AMF. It could be affected nematode motility at least partially with mycorrhizal root exudates.…”

Section: Justification Of Topicmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Durable is Root Knot Nematode Resistance in Tomato?

Rashid¹,

Al-Mamun²,

Uddin³

2017

Plant Breed. Biotech.

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Among the plant parasitic nematodes, root knot nematode (RKN) is the most devastating in tomato growing regions. Controlling RKN mostly relies on nematicides. Since chemical application is limited due to adverse environmental effect, alternative approaches are required. Although there are some alternatives, but resistance cultivars are getting popularity in the farmer's field because of simplicity, cost-effective and environment safety. Genes conferring resistance to RKN have already been identified followed by the introgression into elite cultivars. Currently, natural resistance genes (R genes) are used in conventional breeding programmes. Simultaneously, molecular research is going on to characterize and map the linked markers for the detected resistant phenotypes. Currently, it is a prominent threat to maintain the durability of existing R genes. However, durability of host resistance govern by co-evolution of resistance genes from plants and (a)virulence genes from nematodes. So, understanding the mechanisms underlying co-evolution is essential for the durability of R genes. Here we review the existing potential natural resistance in tomato against RKN, currently used resistance mechanisms between RKN and tomato, influential factors of durability of natural resistance genes and opportunity to get more durable resistance in tomato.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce root-knot nematode penetration through altered root exudation of their host

Cited by 98 publications

References 48 publications

An ecological role of fungal endophytes to ameliorate plants under biotic stress

An ecological role of fungal endophytes to ameliorate plants under biotic stress

Mycorrhiza-Induced Resistance and Priming of Plant Defenses

How Durable is Root Knot Nematode Resistance in Tomato?

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