Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote silicon accumulation in plant roots, reducing the impacts of root herbivory

Frew, Adam; Powell, Jeff R.; Allsopp, P. G.; Sallam, Nader; Johnson, Scott N.

doi:10.1007/s11104-017-3357-z

Cited by 53 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, AM fungi not only alter the growth and nutrient status of their host plant, but also affect the production of secondary compounds (Frew, Powell, Glauser, Bennett, & Johnson, ; Hill et al, ), and other plant traits which drive herbivory (Frew, Powell, Allsopp, Sallam, & Johnson, ). Interestingly, there are significantly fewer studies which assess mycorrhizal‐driven changes in plant secondary metabolites and defence traits under CO 2 enrichment (Dong et al, ).…”

Section: Impacts Of Eco2 On Bipartite Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizal‐mediated plant–herbivore interactions in a high CO₂ world

Frew

Price

2019

Functional Ecology

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The symbiotic relationship between terrestrial plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is a key driver of plant nutritional and defence traits influencing insect herbivory. These tripartite interactions have been fundamental to shaping the evolution of land plants and the diversity of insect herbivores. Surprisingly, we have little understanding of how these interactions will function under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (eCO2), despite the considerable implications for both natural and managed ecosystems. Although substantial research has revealed how eCO2 alters mycorrhizal–plant interactions, or plant–herbivore interactions, there is a stark scarcity of studies which investigate how eCO2 impacts mycorrhizal‐mediated plant–insect herbivore relationships. Here, we synthesise some of the main effects of eCO2 on the mycorrhizal symbiosis, the concomitant impacts on plant nutrient dynamics and secondary metabolism, and how eCO2‐driven changes in plant growth, biochemistry and communities impact insect herbivores. We point out that potential mechanistic drivers of AM fungal–plant–insect herbivore relationships under eCO2 can function antagonistically and are highly context‐dependent, which poses a particular challenge. Still, we hypothesise as to the potential outcomes for AM fungal–plant–herbivore dynamics under eCO2. We identify key research priorities to tackle the substantial gap in our understanding. If ecological theory is to effectively inform agricultural and natural management practices in the future, research needs to directly investigate how changes in global atmospheric CO2 concentrations impact the tripartite relationship between AM fungi, plants and insect herbivores. A plain language summary is available for this article.

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Section: Impacts Of Eco2 On Bipartite Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizal‐mediated plant–herbivore interactions in a high CO₂ world

Frew

Price

2019

Functional Ecology

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“…AM fungi can also enhance plant silicon uptake (Frew et al. ) and improve plant defenses (Cameron et al. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defoliation and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi shape plant communities in overgrazed semiarid grasslands

Yang

Shen

et al. 2018

Ecology

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Overgrazing substantially contributes to global grassland degradation by decreasing plant community productivity and diversity through trampling, defoliation, and removal of nutrients. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi also play a critical role in plant community diversity, composition, and primary productivity, maintaining ecosystem functions. However, interactions between grazing disturbances, such as trampling and defoliation, and AM fungi in grassland communities are not well known. We examined influences of trampling, defoliation, and AM fungi on semiarid grassland plant community composition for 3 yr, by comparing all combinations of these factors. Benomyl fungicide was applied to reduce AM fungal abundance. Overgrazing typically resulted in reduced dominance of Stipa Krylovii, contributing to degradation of typical steppe grasslands. Our results indicated trampling generally had little effect on plant community composition, unless combined with defoliation or AM fungal suppression. Defoliation was the main component of grazing that promoted dominance of Potentilla acaulis over Stipa krylovii and Artemisia frigida, presumably by alleviating light limitation. In non-defoliated plots, AM fungi promoted A. frigida, with a concomitant reduction in S. krylovii growth compared to corresponding AM suppressed plots. Our results indicate AM fungi and defoliation jointly suppress S. krylovii biomass; however, prolonged defoliation weakens mycorrhizal influence on plant community composition. These findings give new insight into dominant plant species shifts in degraded semiarid grasslands.

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“…AM fungi also enhanced tolerance against soil-borne diseases [81][82][83][84][85], pests and nematodes [86,87], and also increased drought tolerance and reduced water consumption [88]. Recently, AM fungi have been known to enhance silicon-based plant defenses against root herbivores through interactions involving multiple mechanisms that require further research [89]. However, there is absence of effective symbiotic fungi in commercially available growth substrates, which often limit plant growth and yield in commercial greenhouses.…”

Section: Am Fungal Utility In Hydroponic Greenhousesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Improved Production and Disease Mitigation in Organic and Hydroponic Greenhouse Crops

Mishra¹,

Ellouze²,

Howard³

2018

J Hortic

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This article discusses the utility of AM fungi in vegetable crop organic and hydroponic greenhouse production systems. A significant amount of work on field and organic crops utilizing AM fungi have proven their effectiveness in vegetable crops. The current article also addresses the major benefits of AM fungal application in nonhydroponic greenhouses, such as disease mitigation and improved production, and envisages the idea of utilizing some of these benefits for hydroponic greenhouse crops by designing appropriate experimental trials and performing a cost-benefit analysis while conducting such trials. AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are considered to be enormously important in contemporary agriculture and horticulture for their ability to improve crop disease and fertility management in commercial field and greenhouse crop production. Recently, commercial greenhouse producers have begun using AM inoculum to increase yields and provide sustainable growing conditions in organic and hydroponic production systems. However, strong evidence in support of their effectiveness in hydroponic production is still lacking. Future research is expected to address benefits of the use of AM fungi in hydroponic greenhouse crops, such as defense against pathogen, herbivore attack and the effective management of photo-assimilates by plants, which are essential for fruit production. In order to increase our understanding of the usefulness of AM fungi in hydroponic greenhouses, large-scale trial and a cost-benefit evaluation of the process are needed. This article discusses the use of AM fungi for improving organic and hydroponic greenhouse crop production and disease control, considering that AM fungi inoculations in soil-based greenhouses and fields have proven to be very effective.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote silicon accumulation in plant roots, reducing the impacts of root herbivory

Cited by 53 publications

References 50 publications

Mycorrhizal‐mediated plant–herbivore interactions in a high CO₂ world

Mycorrhizal‐mediated plant–herbivore interactions in a high CO₂ world

Defoliation and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi shape plant communities in overgrazed semiarid grasslands

Utility of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Improved Production and Disease Mitigation in Organic and Hydroponic Greenhouse Crops

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote silicon accumulation in plant roots, reducing the impacts of root herbivory

Cited by 53 publications

References 50 publications

Mycorrhizal‐mediated plant–herbivore interactions in a high CO2 world

Mycorrhizal‐mediated plant–herbivore interactions in a high CO2 world

Defoliation and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi shape plant communities in overgrazed semiarid grasslands

Utility of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Improved Production and Disease Mitigation in Organic and Hydroponic Greenhouse Crops

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Product

Resources

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Mycorrhizal‐mediated plant–herbivore interactions in a high CO₂ world

Mycorrhizal‐mediated plant–herbivore interactions in a high CO₂ world