Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Organic and Inorganic Controlled-release Fertilizers: Effect on Growth and Leachate of Container-grown Bush Morning Glory (Ipomoea carnea ssp. fistulosa) Under High Production Temperatures

Abstract

<jats:p>This research determined the effects of two commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inocula, organic slow-release fertilizer (OSRF), and inorganic controlled-release fertilizer (ICRF) on plant growth, marketability and leachate of container-grown <jats:italic>Ipomoea carnea</jats:italic> N. von Jacquin ssp. <jats:italic>fistulosa</jats:italic> (K. Von Martinus ex J. Choisy) D. Austin (bush morning glory) grown outdoors under high temperature summer conditions (maximum container media temperature averaged 44.8 °C). Uniform rooted liners were planted into 7.6-L pots containing a pasteurized substrate [pine bark and sand (3:1, by volume)]. The AMF treatment consisted of BioterraPLUS and MycorisePro and a noninoculated control (NonAMF). Fertilizer treatments included OSRF [Nitrell 5-3-4 (5N-1.3P-3.3K)] and ICRF [Osmocote 18-7-10 (18N-3.0P-8.3K)]. OSRF was tested at three rates: 8.3, 11.9, and 16.6 kg·m<jats:sup>-3</jats:sup>, which were respectively, 70%, 100%, and 140% of manufacturer's recommended rate, while ICRF was tested at two rates: 3.6 and 7.1 kg·m<jats:sup>-3</jats:sup>, which were, respectively, 50% and 100% of manufacturer's recommended rate. The P levels were equivalent between 70% and 140% OSRF and, respectively, 50% and 100% ICRF. Greatest growth [leaf, shoot, flower bud, and flower number; root, leaf, shoot, and total plant dry mass (DM); growth index; leaf area]; N, P, and K uptake; leaf chlorophyll; and plant marketability occurred with BioterraPLUS plants at 50% and 100% ICRF rate and MycorisePro at the 100% ICRF rate. Greater plant growth occurred with increasing fertility levels; however, plants at the 140% OSRF (same P level as 100% inorganic SRF) had poorest growth, in part due to high temperature. While AMF enhanced growth of plants with OSRF at all concentrations, better growth and marketability occurred with ICRF than OSRF plants inoculated with AMF. AMF plants at the 50% ICRF had comparable or better growth, higher N, P, and K and marketability than NonAMF plants at either 100% OSRF or ICRF. AMF were able to survive under high temperature and colonize plants grown from low to high fertility conditions. AMF inoculation had minimal effect on container leachate (pH and electrical conductivity). However, the larger-sized AMF plants at 100% ICRF rate had greater total leaf tissue N, P, and K, suggesting greater nutrient utilization—thus reduced potential risk for leachate runoff.</jats:p>

Salt Exclusion and Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Increase Tolerance to NaCl and CaCl2 Salinity in ‘Siam Queen’ Basil

“…Interestingly, AMF gradually increased leachate pH under nonsaline conditions in the present study. Similar effects of AMF on leachate pH have been reported by others and is likely due to differences in nutrient uptake between mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants (Carpio et al, 2005;Corkidi et al, 2011;Zinati et al, 2011;Zuccarini and Okurowska, 2008). Greater pH may reduce the availability of macronutrients, such as P, K, S, and Mg (Orozco-Patiño and Medina-Sierra, 2013), and may partially account for the negative effects of AMF on relative uptake of these nutrients in the present study.…”

Gallinaza, Micorriza Arbuscular Y Fertilización Química Reducida en La Productividad De Calabacita Y Pepino

“…Sharma et al (2011) reportaron el máximo rendimiento de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) con la inoculación de R. intraradices y el 75 % de N-P-K adicionado al suelo. Carpio et al (2005) indicaron que las mejores características para el mercado de Ipomoea carnea fistulosa (Mart. ex Choisy), así como la mayor absorción de N-P-K ocurrió tanto con el inoculante BioterraPLUS ® y la adición de 50 % de los tres elementos N-P-K en el suelo, como con la fertilización al 100 %.…”

“…Adesemoye y Kloepper (2009) enfatizaron la necesidad de optimizar la fertilización inorgánica a través de asociaciones microorganismo-planta eficientes. Dentro de estas asociaciones, los hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (HMA) aportan beneficios a las plantas durante la simbiosis, como la promoción del crecimiento, mayor nutrición mineral (Carpio et al 2005), tolerancia a patógenos del suelo (Tahat et al 2010) y a condiciones abióticas adversas (Davies et al 2002, Rabie 2005), e incremento de la productividad (Carpio et al 2005, Rabie 2005). Esto, aunque el nivel de colonización micorrícica no siempre esté asociado con el rendimiento o sus componentes (Sylvia et al 1993, Allen et al 2001.…”

The use of mycorrhiza in organically-grown crops under semi arid conditions: a review of benefits, constraints and future challenges

“…Yet, after transplanting, preinoculated plants show higher level of mycorrhizal infection and yields of these plants are higher, as compared to the control (Krikun et al 1987;Koltai et al 2008). One of the clear advantages of inoculation in the nursery stage is that at the post-transplanting stage, mycorrhitic transplants have a better survival chance (Berta et al 1995;Labidi et al 2007) compared to control plants, especially under stress conditions (Morte et al 2000;Carpio et al 2005;Egerton-Warburton et al 2007). As for soil application (Üstüner et al 2009), combining compost in the substrate with mycorrhizal inoculation can improve plant growth as compared to the control peat-based substrates (Perner et al 2007).…”