Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation mediated changes in rhizosphere bacterial community structure while promoting revegetation in a semiarid ecosystem

Rodríguez-Caballero, G.; Caravaca, F.; Fernández-González, Antonio J.; Alguacil, M.M.; Fernández‐López, Manuel; Roldán, A.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.128

Cited by 64 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Plant mass and microbial community composition correlated significantly in our experiment. This is in agreement with reports that have shown that rhizosphere bacterial community composition may correlate with plant biomass (Rodríguez et al 2017). In the present study, a significant correlation also was observed between bacterial community composition and foliar nitrogen content.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

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Native arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis alters foliar bacterial community composition

2017

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The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on plant-associated microbes are poorly known. We tested the hypothesis that colonization by an AM fungus affects microbial species richness and microbial community composition of host plant tissues. We grew the grass, Deschampsia flexuosa in a greenhouse with or without the native AM fungus, Claroideoglomus etunicatum. We divided clonally produced tillers into two parts: one inoculated with AM fungus spores and one without AM fungus inoculation (non-mycorrhizal, NM). We characterized bacterial (16S rRNA gene) and fungal communities (internal transcribed spacer region) in surface-sterilized leaf and root plant compartments. AM fungus inoculation did not affect microbial species richness or diversity indices in leaves or roots, but the AM fungus inoculation significantly affected bacterial community composition in leaves. A total of three OTUs in leaves belonging to the phylum Firmicutes positively responded to the presence of the AM fungus in roots. Another six OTUs belonging to the Proteobacteria (Alpha, Beta, and Gamma) and Bacteroidetes were significantly more abundant in NM plants when compared to AM fungus-inoculated plants. Further, there was a significant correlation between plant dry weight and leaf microbial community compositional shift. Also, there was a significant correlation between leaf bacterial community compositional shift and foliar nitrogen content changes due to AM fungus inoculation. The results suggest that AM fungus colonization in roots has a profound effect on plant physiology that is reflected in leaf bacterial community composition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Recently, it has been shown that the rhizosphere bacterial community composition changes induced by AMF inoculation are related to changes in plant physiology, for instance, changes in plant phosphorus content (Rodríguez et al 2017). Similarly plant physiological changes due to AMF inoculation could affect other plant-associated microbes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Native arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis alters foliar bacterial community composition

2017

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“…With regard to fungi, the community in the legume nodule was found to differ greatly from that found elsewhere in the plant and also from nonlegume plants, supporting the idea of a selected and curated microbiome in the nodule (Scheublin et al 2004). Another study showed that inoculating plants with AM Q:1 fungi changed the bacterial community and improved plant growth most likely because of improved shoot N, P, and K levels (Rodríguez-Caballero et al 2017). Nevertheless, the most commonly isolated members of the legume nodule community outside of rhizobia consist of Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria, some of which have the capacity to fix N 2 (Aserse et al 2013;Deng et al 2011;Muresu et al 2008).…”

Section: F1mentioning

confidence: 82%

The Nodule Microbiome: N₂-Fixing Rhizobia Do Not Live Alone

Martínez‐Hidalgo

Hirsch

2017

Phytobiomes Journal

239

176

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For decades, rhizobia were thought to be the only nitrogen-fixing inhabitants of legume nodules, and biases in culture techniques prolonged this belief. However, other bacteria, which are not typical rhizobia, are often detected within nodules obtained from soil, thus revealing the existence of a phytomicrobiome where the interaction among the individuals is not only complex, but also likely to affect the behavior and fitness of the host plant. Many of these nonrhizobial bacteria are nitrogen fixers, and some also induce nitrogen-fixing nodules on legume roots. Even more striking is the incredibly diverse population of bacteria residing within nodules that elicit neither nodulation nor nitrogen fixation. Yet, this community exists within the nodule, albeit clearly out-numbered by nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. Few studies of the function of these nodule-associated bacteria in nodules have been performed, and to date, it is not known whether their presence in nodules is biologically important or not. Do they confer any benefits to the Rhizobium-legume nitrogen-fixing symbiosis, or are they parasites/saprophytes, contaminants, or commensals? In this review, we highlight the lesser-known bacteria that dwell within nitrogen-fixing nodules and discuss their possible role in this enclosed community as well as any likely benefits to the host plant or to the rhizobial inhabitants of the nodule. Although many of these nodule inhabitants are not capable of nitrogen fixation, they have the potential to enhance legume survival especially under conditions of environmental stress. This knowledge will be useful in defining strategies to employ these bacteria as bioinoculants by themselves or combined with rhizobia. Such an approach will enhance rhizobial performance or persistence as well as decrease the usage of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

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“…Our results partly challenge this plant-centered view of community assembly, because the unique PLFA groupings in the 0-P and 0-M treatments as compared to the control (0-0) suggest fundamentally different effects of protist grazers and mycorrhiza on bacterial community assembly in the wheat rhizosphere. Also previous studies support this rhizosphere symbiont view of structuring rhizosphere microbial communities by documenting that both protists through topdown control (Kreuzer et al, 2006;Rosenberg et al, 2009) and AMF through bottom-up modifications of resources alter bacterial communities in the rhizosphere (Marschner and Baumann, 2003;Rillig et al, 2006;Bukovská et al, 2016;Rodríguez-Caballero et al, 2017). Since protist grazing is highly selective, preferential grazing together with competitive shifts in bacterial community composition are likely responsible for changes in root-associated bacterial communities (Jousset et al, 2008;Jousset, 2012;Flues et al, 2017).…”

Section: Mycorrhiza and Protists As Drivers Of Rhizosphere Microbial mentioning

confidence: 72%

Interactions of Mycorrhiza and Protists in the Rhizosphere Systemically Alter Microbial Community Composition, Plant Shoot-to-Root Ratio and Within-Root System Nitrogen Allocation

Henkes

Kandeler

Marhan

et al. 2018

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important symbionts for plant nutrient uptake, but their exact role in plant nitrogen (N) nutrition is unclear. Protists on the other hand play an acknowledged role in plant N acquisition, and there is increasing evidence for a close interaction with AMF. In a split root set up, we investigated the distinct roles of mycorrhiza (Rhizophagus irregularis), protists (Acanthamoeba castellanii), and their interaction on plant N uptake, within-root system allocation patterns, and shoot-to-root ratio of winter wheat. In addition, we applied a quantitative metabolomics approach to characterize associated changes in soil microbial communities by microbial phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis from rhizosphere soil. AMF markedly altered plant shoot-to-root allometry by reducing root biomass of wheat, and mycorrhiza partly took over root system functioning. Protists promoted shoot and root growth, and improved plant N uptake by the release of N from consumed bacterial biomass, a mechanism known as microbial loop. The shoot system however responded little to these alterations of the root system and of the rhizosphere community composition, indicating that the plants optimized shoot growth despite varying investment into roots. Mycorrhiza reduced root biomass and plant N, especially in the combined treatments with protists by changing within root system allocation of N and root biomass. These systemic effects on root allocation pattern suggest that mycorrhiza also gained control over N provided by protist grazers. Protists and mycorrhiza altered rhizosphere bacterial communities in contrasting but consistent ways as shown by quantitative shifts in microbial PLFA profiles. Remarkably, the changes in bacterial community composition were systemically conveyed within the root system to the split-root chamber where the symbionts were lacking. Accordingly the synergistic effects of protists and mycorrhiza indicated systemic effects on nutrient-and on root-allocation within root systems as an emergent property Henkes et al.Protists Alter Mycorrhiza Function that could not be predicted from single treatments with mycorrhiza or protists alone. The tight plant and microbial feed backs uncovered in this study have far reaching implications for understanding the assembly of plant microbiomes, and testify central roles of both protists and mycorrhizas in the assembly process.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation mediated changes in rhizosphere bacterial community structure while promoting revegetation in a semiarid ecosystem

Cited by 64 publications

References 76 publications

Native arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis alters foliar bacterial community composition

Native arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis alters foliar bacterial community composition

The Nodule Microbiome: N₂-Fixing Rhizobia Do Not Live Alone

Interactions of Mycorrhiza and Protists in the Rhizosphere Systemically Alter Microbial Community Composition, Plant Shoot-to-Root Ratio and Within-Root System Nitrogen Allocation

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation mediated changes in rhizosphere bacterial community structure while promoting revegetation in a semiarid ecosystem

Cited by 64 publications

References 76 publications

Native arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis alters foliar bacterial community composition

Native arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis alters foliar bacterial community composition

The Nodule Microbiome: N2-Fixing Rhizobia Do Not Live Alone

Interactions of Mycorrhiza and Protists in the Rhizosphere Systemically Alter Microbial Community Composition, Plant Shoot-to-Root Ratio and Within-Root System Nitrogen Allocation

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The Nodule Microbiome: N₂-Fixing Rhizobia Do Not Live Alone