Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate fungi in plants associated with aquatic environments

Abstract

Th ere have been several reports of symbionts in the roots of plants that live in aquatic environments. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the most common microsymbionts and possibly recolonized the aquatic environment together with plants; however, their functions and the extent of their benefi ts are unclear. Furthermore, the presence of other groups of fungi, such as dark septate fungi (DSF), with functions supposedly analogous to those of mycorrhizal fungi, has also been reported. Th e present work provides a compilation of data regarding the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizae in plants from, or under the infl uence of, aquatic environments, and co-colonization by AMF and DSF. Forty species of non-vascular plants, ferns, fern allies, and gymnosperms from 15 families, and 659 species of angiosperms from 87 families were investigated. From the fi rst group (non-fl owering plants) 57 % of the species showed arbuscular mycorrhizal structures in their tissues or roots, whereas among the second group (fl owering plants) 71 % had such structures. Among the mycorrhizal angiosperms, 52 % showed arbuscules in their roots. DSF were found in 1 % of non-fl owering plants and 5 % of angiosperms. All of these are discussed in this review.

Fungi in aquatic ecosystems

“…For natural aquatic systems, however, there are only very few reports on such interactions. This is also true for studies on fungal interactions with aquatic macrophytes, which are severely limited by comprehending the scope and functionality of the association of arbuscular mycorrhizae and endophytes with this group of plants 146,147 . Thus, many questions remain how fungi affect and interfere with the basis of aquatic foodwebs and thus shape foodweb structure and the flow of energy and organic matter through aquatic ecosystems.…”

Dark Septate Endophytes Isolated From Wild Licorice Roots Grown in the Desert Regions of Northwest China Enhance the Growth of Host Plants Under Water Deficit Stress

“…At present, more than 600 plant species from 114 families associating with DSE colonizing their roots have been confirmed ( Yuan et al, 2010 ; Tienaho et al, 2019 ). Novel DSE species and DSE-plant symbionts are constantly being discovered ( Mahmoud and Narisawa, 2013 ; de Marins and Carrenho, 2017 ; Xie et al, 2017 ; Hou et al, 2019 ). The effects of DSE inoculation on plants range from positive to negative ( Tellenbach et al, 2011 ; Li et al, 2019a ).…”

Arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate fungi colonization in an invasive plant from Patagonian wetlands

“…The most common mycorrhizal association is between plant roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), belonging to the division Glomeromycota, present in more than 80% of plant species, both in terrestrial and aquatic environments (Brundrett & Tedersoo, 2018; Cuassolo et al, 2012; Helgason & Fitter, 2009; Hu et al, 2020; Smith & Read, 2010; Wang et al, 2018). Although the percentage of colonization in aquatic environments may be low (<25%; Marins & Carrenho, 2017; Wang et al, 2018), in wetlands the intensity of colonization depends on the duration of the hydroperiod (Dolinar et al, 2016; Fusconi & Mucciarelli, 2018; Gaberščik et al, 2017) and oxygen availability (Fougnies et al, 2007; Miller, 2000).…”