Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and success of Triadica sebifera invasion in coastal transition ecosystems along the northern Gulf of Mexico

Paudel, Shishir; Baer, Sara G.; Battaglia, Loretta L.

doi:10.1007/s11104-014-2026-8

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…A significant lower AMF colonization was also observed at Al1 compared to Al2 and Al3 for alfalfa, suggesting that higher colonization might benefit alfalfa when growing in acid soils. Paudel, Baer and Battaglia (2014) reported that a higher degree of AMF colonization, relative to native co-occurring species, might partly explain the successful invasion of Triadica sebifera into coastal plant communities of the southeastern USA. However, a significant lower shoot and root weight at Al3 compared to Al1 and Al2 implied that AMF colonization might be not related to dry matter yield, mainly related to the difference of dominant AMF strains at different soil Al 3+ concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Efficiency of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Promoting Alfalfa Growth in Acid Soils

Huang¹,

He²,

Guo³

2017

JAS

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High concentrations of soil Al 3+ in acid soil severely influence the growth of Medicago sativa (alfalfa). The objective of the current study was to analyze whether Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) inoculation could improve alfalfa growth in acid soils. A two-way completely randomized factorial design was employed for M. sativa and M. lupulina (black medick) with two inoculations (rhizobia and AMF) and three Al 3+ levels, and replicated four times. The soil Al 3+ levels were adjusted to 900 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 1100 mg/kg. Spores of AMF were isolated directly from rhizosphere soils of black medick. The rhizobia were isolated from root nodules in fields separately from two plant species. At each Al 3+ level, there were four inoculations, non-inoculation, AMF solely, rhizobia solely and dual-inoculation with AMF and rhizobia. Soil Al 3+ concentration significantly limited above-and below-ground growth of both alfalfa and black medick, reducing plant height, branching number, shoot and root weight, and root length, surface area and volume. Compared to rhizobia, AMF showed a higher tolerance to soil Al 3+ . AMF inoculation increased the shoot and root weight of both plant species under most circumstances. Overall, AMF colonization had a trend in increasing the contents of phosphorus in both plant species at all Al 3+ concentrations but not nitrogen and potassium. Dual inoculation significantly increased nodulation ability, enabling both plant species to form nodules at 900 and 1000 mg/kg Al 3+ . Though the soil Al 3+ concentration influenced the efficiency of AMF inoculation, AMF inoculation improved nodulation, increased plant growth and nutrient uptake, suggesting that it was an alternative way in improving alfalfa growth in acid soils.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Efficiency of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Promoting Alfalfa Growth in Acid Soils

Huang¹,

He²,

Guo³

2017

JAS

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“…Another point to consider is that laboratory studies are mostly designated to test effects of a species on germination or initial growth of recipient plants (e.g., Schmidt-Silva 2012; Silva et al 2014), while studies over longer periods of time are rare (e.g., Paudel et al 2014). Initial phases of plant development are considered to be more sensitive to allelochemicals (Rice 1984), therefore annuals and seedlings should be more affected by allelopathic substances (Muller et al 1964;El-Keblawy and Al-Rawai 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the phytotoxic shrub Heterothalamus psiadioides affect a plant community through allelopathy?

et al. 2014

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Phytotoxicity has often been proposed as evidence of allelopathy. However, few studies have investigated allelopathy in natural field conditions. In South Brazilian grasslands, Heterothalamus psiadioides, a shrub establishing in dense stands, has shown strong phytotoxicity in laboratory assays. We conducted a field study to evaluate if this species also negatively affects a plant community through allelopathy. At a shrubland site, we established a phytotoxicity gradient, consisting of plots with H. psiadioides, plots with Baccharis patens-a shrub with minimal phytotoxicity-and plots without shrubs (no phytotoxicity). We assessed plant species cover, biomass, number of seedlings, diversity, richness, and plant community characteristics. Our study did not show evidences of plant inhibition near the phytotoxic species. We observed higher plant richness and diversity in plots with H. psiadioides than in plots with B. patens and without shrubs. The highest diversity near H. psiadioides was associated with greater forb cover, due to lower cover of dominant grasses. Differences in light incidence accounted for vegetation patterns more than allelopathic activity. Therefore, our study showed that the allelopathic potential of the evaluated species was overestimated based only on laboratory studies. We emphasize the relevance of conducting allelopathy studies in field and of having a similar species with low phytotoxicity in this kind of study. Results based only on laboratory assays and visual evidence of patterns in field may be misleading and may lead to an overestimation of the role of allelopathy in plant communities.

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“…However, soil organisms that interact with plants include not only pathogens, but also important mutualists (Van der Heijden , Paudel et al. , Bachelot et al. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the Janzen-Connell effect is an important mechanism of coexistence in natural communities (Bever 2003, Comita 2014, and if it is caused by interactions with soil pathogens that act as natural enemies, the absence of this effect in alien species may partially explain their advantage over native species. However, soil organisms that interact with plants include not only pathogens, but also important mutualists (Van der Heijden 1998, Paudel et al 2014, Bachelot et al 2017. One of the generalities that emerge from current research on invasive plants is that plants in their nonnative ranges tend to be facilitated by soil biota, while native plant species tend to be negatively affected by the accumulation of host-specific portions of the soil biota (Reinhart and Callaway 2004, Agrawal et al 2005, Gundale et al 2014, Bardgett and van der Putten 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential impacts of soil microbes on native and co‐occurring invasive tree species

2019

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The Janzen‐Connell effect is often generated by interactions between trees and soil microbes while the enemy release hypothesis states that invasive species are released from regulation by natural enemies. Thus, the strength of the Janzen‐Connell effect could differ between native vs. nonnative plants. We tested this hypothesis with congeneric pairs of invasive and native tree species in Europe: boxelder (Acer negundo) vs. Norway maple (A. platanoides), and Northern red oak (Quercus rubra) vs. pedunculate oak (Q. robur). We conducted greenhouse experiments using soil sterilization treatments, field experiments on distance‐dependent germination, and field surveys of early life stages of the focal species. Greenhouse and field experiments demonstrated patterns consistent with Janzen‐Connell effect that is most likely caused by negative distance dependence in seed germination and stem growth which was found in both genera of the native, but not the invasive trees. Soil sterilization experiments suggested that these effects are driven by interactions with soil biota. Field surveys revealed the Janzen‐Connell pattern in the distribution of seedlings and saplings of the native, but not the invasive Acer species. Our findings indicate that weakened Janzen‐Connell effect might contribute to successful invasions of certain nonnative plant species.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and success of Triadica sebifera invasion in coastal transition ecosystems along the northern Gulf of Mexico

Cited by 18 publications

References 51 publications

The Efficiency of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Promoting Alfalfa Growth in Acid Soils

The Efficiency of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Promoting Alfalfa Growth in Acid Soils

Does the phytotoxic shrub Heterothalamus psiadioides affect a plant community through allelopathy?

Differential impacts of soil microbes on native and co‐occurring invasive tree species

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