Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities of High Mountain Ecosystems of South America: Relationship with Microscale and Macroscale Factors

Soteras, Florencia; Menoyo, Eugenia; Grilli, Gabriel; Becerra, Alejandra Gabriela

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-15228-4_13

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Information at such higher level of resolution can only be obtained by sequencing surveys. Yet the scarcity of surveys of this kind in tropical areas has been repeatedly noted in the literature (Cotton, 2018;Lilleskov et al, 2019), particularly for the tropical Andes (Soteras et al, 2019). We are aware of only two deep sequencing studies conducted at AMF dominated neo-tropical forests within the context of nutrient manipulation experiments (Camenzind et al, 2014;Sheldrake et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate phosphorus additions consistently affect community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in tropical montane forests in southern Ecuador

et al. 2020

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Anthropogenic atmospheric deposition can increase nutrient supply in the most remote ecosystems, potentially affecting soil biodiversity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities rapidly respond to simulated soil eutrophication in tropical forests. Yet the limited spatio-temporal extent of such manipulations, together with the often unrealistically high fertilization rates employed, impedes generalization of such responses. We sequenced mixed root AMF communities within a seven year-long fully factorial nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition experiment, replicated at three tropical montane forests in southern Ecuador with differing environmental characteristics. We hypothesized: strong shifts in community composition and species richness after long-term fertilization, site-and clade-specific responses to N vs P additions depending on local soil fertility and clade life history traits respectively. Fertilization consistently shifted AMF community composition across sites, but only reduced richness of Glomeraceae. Compositional changes were mainly driven by increases in P supply while richness reductions were observed only after combined N and P additions. We conclude that moderate increases of N and P exert a mild but consistent effect on tropical AMF communities. To predict the consequences of these shifts, current results need to be supplemented with experiments that characterize local species-specific AMF functionality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate phosphorus additions consistently affect community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in tropical montane forests in southern Ecuador

et al. 2020

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“…Therefore, in the ecological context of the Puna, it can be inferred that in the wet and warm season AMF can benefit from higher temperatures, enhanced water availability and metabolic activity, likely remaining dormant as spores in less favorable periods. The seasonal distribution of AMF is well known for their sporulation ( Smith & Read, 2008 ), measured in terms of spore abundance and sporulating species richness and root colonization, especially for other investigated South American highland grasslands such as the Pampa de Achala ( Lugo & Cabello, 2002 ; Lugo, González Maza & Cabello, 2003 ) and different mountain environments ( Soteras et al, 2019 ). The altitude negative trend might be related to less favorable environmental and climatic conditions at higher altitudes for plants and therefore for AMF, as it has been reported in Argentinean Puna considering sporulation ( Lugo et al, 2008 ) and root colonization ( Lugo et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling geographic distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from molecular evidence in soils of Argentinean Puna using a maximum entropy approach

Valentin

Voyron

Soteras

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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The biogeographic region of Argentinean Puna mainly extends at elevations higher than 3,000 m within the Andean Plateau and hosts diverse ecological communities highly adapted to extreme aridity and low temperatures. Soils of Puna are typically poorly evolved and geomorphology is shaped by drainage networks, resulting in highly vegetated endorheic basins and hypersaline basins known as salar or salt flats. Local communities rely on soil fertility for agricultural practices and on pastures for livestock rearing. From this perspective, investigating the scarcely explored microbiological diversity of these soils as indicators of ecosystems functioning might help to predict the fragility of these harsh environments. In this study we collected soil samples from 28 points, following a nested design within three different macro-habitats, i.e., Puna grassland, hypersaline salar and family-run crop fields. Total fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) occurrence were analyzed using eDNA sequencing. In addition, the significance of soil salinity and organic matter content as significant predictors of AMF occurrence, was assessed through Generalized Linear Mixed Modeling. We also investigated whether intensive grazing by cattle and lama in Puna grasslands may reduce the presence of AMF in these highly disturbed soils, driving or not major ecological changes, but no consistent results were found, suggesting that more specific experiments and further investigations may address the question more specifically. Finally, to predict the suitability for AMF in the different macro-habitats, Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) was performed within an environmental coherent area comprising both the phytogeographic regions of Puna and Altoandino. We modeled AMF distribution with a maximum entropy approach, including bioclimatic and edaphic predictors and obtaining maps of environmental suitability for AMF within the predicted areas. To assess the impact of farming on AMF occurrence, we set a new series of models excluding the cultivated Chaupi Rodeo samples. Overall, SDM predicted a lower suitability for AMF in hypersaline salar areas, while grassland habitats and a wider temperature seasonality range appear to be factors significantly related to AMF enrichment, suggesting a main role of seasonal dynamics in shaping AMF communities. The highest abundance of AMF was observed in Vicia faba crop fields, while potato fields yielded a very low AMF occurrence. The models excluding the cultivated Chaupi Rodeo samples highlighted that if these cultivated areas had theoretically remained unmanaged habitats of Puna and Altoandino, then large-scale soil features and local bioclimatic constraints would likely support a lower suitability for AMF. Using SDM we evidenced the influence of bioclimatic, edaphic and anthropic predictors in shaping AMF occurrence and highlighted the relevance of considering human activities to accurately predict AMF distribution.

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“…Several AM fungi species can colonize one plant's root, and one AM fungus can colonize different plant species [127]. However, despite the absence of direct correlations between the diversity of AMF and the total number of herbaceous plants (Table 3), a decrease in the spectrum of potential partners in the mutualistic symbiotic system might be expected, which affects the AMF species diversity [128]. At the same time, annual plant species have a higher diversity of AMF than perennial species, and a half of the currently identified AMF species may be more specific to one plant species [54].…”

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confidence: 99%

Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Distinct Ecosystems of the North Caucasus, a Temperate Biodiversity Hotspot

Yurkov,

Kryukov,

Gorbunova

et al. 2023

JoF

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Background: Investigations that are focused on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) biodiversity is still limited. The analysis of the AMF taxa in the North Caucasus, a temperate biodiversity hotspot, used to be limited to the genus level. This study aimed to define the AMF biodiversity at the species level in the North Caucasus biotopes. Methods: The molecular genetic identification of fungi was carried out with ITS1 and ITS2 regions as barcodes via sequencing using Illumina MiSeq, the analysis of phylogenetic trees for individual genera, and searches for operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with identification at the species level. Sequences from MaarjAM and NCBI GenBank were used as references. Results: We analyzed >10 million reads in soil samples for three biotopes to estimate fungal biodiversity. Briefly, 50 AMF species belonging to 20 genera were registered. The total number of the AM fungus OTUs for the “Subalpine Meadow” biotope was 171/131, that for “Forest” was 117/60, and that for “River Valley” was 296/221 based on ITS1/ITS2 data. The total number of the AM fungus species (except for virtual taxa) for the “Subalpine Meadow” biotope was 24/19, that for “Forest” was 22/13, and that for “River Valley” was 28/24 based on ITS1/ITS2 data. Greater AMF diversity, as well as number of OTUs and species, in comparison with that of forest biotopes, characterized valley biotopes (disturbed ecosystems; grasslands). The correlation coefficient between “Percentage of annual plants” and “Glomeromycota total reads” r = 0.76 and 0.81 for ITS1 and ITS2, respectively, and the correlation coefficient between “Percentage of annual plants” and “OTUs number (for total species)” was r = 0.67 and 0.77 for ITS1 and ITS2, respectively. Conclusion: High AMF biodiversity for the river valley can be associated with a higher percentage of annual plants in these biotopes and the active development of restorative successional processes.

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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities of High Mountain Ecosystems of South America: Relationship with Microscale and Macroscale Factors

Cited by 6 publications

References 57 publications

Moderate phosphorus additions consistently affect community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in tropical montane forests in southern Ecuador

Moderate phosphorus additions consistently affect community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in tropical montane forests in southern Ecuador

Modeling geographic distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from molecular evidence in soils of Argentinean Puna using a maximum entropy approach

Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Distinct Ecosystems of the North Caucasus, a Temperate Biodiversity Hotspot

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