Arbuscular mycorrhizae inoculation of einkorn wheat affects fatty acid, nutrient and mineral concentrations

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) inoculation, which was administered to increase the quality of einkorn wheat in its fatty acid composition, quality and mineral concentration. Wheat grown from AM inoculated seed (AM+) had increased the dry matter (DM), iron (Fe), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), especially oleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid, and cis-5,-8,-11,-14, and cis-17 eicosapentaenoic acid from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (P <0.05), but decreased crude ash (CA), potassium (K), and total saturated fatty acids (UFA), especially myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and monounsaturated fatty acids, especially cis-palmitoleic acid, cis-10-heptadecenoic acid, cis-11 eicosenoic acid, erucic acid, and linoleic acid (P <0.05) compared with einkorn wheat grown from non-inoculated seed (AM-). Crude protein (CP) content ranged from 10.56% to 10.68%, and ether extract (EE) content varied between 2.03% and 2.41%, neither of which was significantly different between treatments. Significant increases were observed in UFA, and in the ratios of UFA to SFA and PUFA to SFA in AM+ compared with AM-.
 Keywords: mycorrhizal inoculation, nutrient composition, Triticum monococcum

Valorizing Traditional Greek Wheat Varieties: Phylogenetic Profile and Biochemical Analysis of Their Nutritional Value

“…Moreover, the percentage of MUFA found in our study for common and durum wheat was in the same range as in the study mentioned above, where it was found at 16-24% [52]. The MUFA percentage of einkorn was in accordance with a study of a Turkish cultivar, reporting it at 32% [53]. The statistically higher percentage of MUFA in einkorn and emmer, compared to common wheat, was also reported by Suchowilska et al, 2009 [54], who found that einkorn had significantly higher MUFA % than emmer, which was not observed in our dataset.…”

Response of Mung Bean (Vigna radita L.) to Fungal Inoculation (Glomus mosseae L. ) and Nano Chelating Zn Fertigation

“…Table (2) showed significant effect of inoculation on protein percent% max value(28.207%) of Mung bean because increased Mycorrhzia on root and nodules which responsible on nitrogen fixation this accepted [5,13] ,also showed significant effect of Nano Zn fertilizers on protein percent of Mung bean, max value(27.387%) in treatment 3 g.l -1 because of increased Nano element passed through plasma membrane it is very small size and increased activity of enzymes which responsible on protein synthesis this accepted [5,14,21].also showed significant effect of interaction of Nano Zn and inoculation max value(30.823%) in inoculation and 3 g. l-1 because of roles of Nano Zn as stimulator to photosynthesis and nitrogenase enzymes this accepted with [4,7,15]. (3) showed significant effect of inoculation on carbohydrates percent% max value(49.078%) of Mung bean because increased precursor of photosynthesis enzymes and mycorrhzial and root nodules provided all types of amino acids depend on type of organic acids come from Krebs cycles this accepted with [5,16] ,also showed significant effect of Nano Zn fertilizers on carbohydrates percent of Mung bean max value(47.84%) in treatment 3 g.l -1 because of increased Nano element passed through plasma membrane it is very small size and increased activity of enzymes which responsible on carbohydrates synthesis this accepted with [5,14].also showed significant effect of interaction of Nano Zn and inoculation max value(53.62%) in inoculation and 3 g. -1 because of roles of Nano Zn as stimulator to photosynthesis and nitrogenase enzymes this accepted with [4,7,15]. 4) showed significant effect of inoculation on Fats percent% max value (2%) of Mung bean because increased precursor of Fats synthesis enzymes in mycorrhzial and root nodules provided all types of amino acids depend on type of organic acids come from Krebs cycle this accepted with [5] [16] ,also showed significant effect of Nano Zn fertilizers on Fats percent of Mung bean, max value(1.97%) in treatment 3 g.l -1 because of increased Nano element passed through plasma membrane it is very small size and increased activity of enzymes which responsible on Fats synthesis this accepted with [5,14].also showed significant effect of interaction of Nano Zn and inoculation max value(2.0937%) in inoculation and 3 g. -1 because of roles of Nano Zn as stimulator to Fats synthesis and nitrogenase enzymes this accepted with [4,7,…”

“…(3) showed significant effect of inoculation on carbohydrates percent% max value(49.078%) of Mung bean because increased precursor of photosynthesis enzymes and mycorrhzial and root nodules provided all types of amino acids depend on type of organic acids come from Krebs cycles this accepted with [5,16] ,also showed significant effect of Nano Zn fertilizers on carbohydrates percent of Mung bean max value(47.84%) in treatment 3 g.l -1 because of increased Nano element passed through plasma membrane it is very small size and increased activity of enzymes which responsible on carbohydrates synthesis this accepted with [5,14].also showed significant effect of interaction of Nano Zn and inoculation max value(53.62%) in inoculation and 3 g. -1 because of roles of Nano Zn as stimulator to photosynthesis and nitrogenase enzymes this accepted with [4,7,15]. 4) showed significant effect of inoculation on Fats percent% max value (2%) of Mung bean because increased precursor of Fats synthesis enzymes in mycorrhzial and root nodules provided all types of amino acids depend on type of organic acids come from Krebs cycle this accepted with [5] [16] ,also showed significant effect of Nano Zn fertilizers on Fats percent of Mung bean, max value(1.97%) in treatment 3 g.l -1 because of increased Nano element passed through plasma membrane it is very small size and increased activity of enzymes which responsible on Fats synthesis this accepted with [5,14].also showed significant effect of interaction of Nano Zn and inoculation max value(2.0937%) in inoculation and 3 g. -1 because of roles of Nano Zn as stimulator to Fats synthesis and nitrogenase enzymes this accepted with [4,7,15].…”

“…[3] Inoculation wheat by Glomus mosseae e L. lead to increased seeds yield and phosphorus content under normal irrigation [4]. Arbuscular mycorrhzia increased dry matter Iron monosulphate fatty acids [5]. Foliar spray of ZnO Nanoparticles on Lentil increased yield and increased stress tolerance of same plant [6].…”

The effect of partial replacement of milled finisher feed with wheat grains on the production efficiency and meat quality in broiler chickens

“…The cited authors indicated a higher gizzard weight, which corresponds to the results of the research by Gabriel et al (2008) , in which the effect of using wheat grain on the development of the digestive system of broiler chickens was assessed. Wheat is a widely used grain in poultry nutrition due to its easy availability and metabolic energy content ( Pirgozliev et al, 2003 ; Ayasan et al , 2020 ). In the last stage of chicken nutrition, the feed has a reduced protein level and an increased level of metabolic energy.…”