Arbovirus Surveillance in Field-Collected Mosquitoes From Pernambuco-Brazil, During the Triple Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya Outbreak of 2015-2017

Krokovsky, Larissa; Paiva, Marcelo H. S.; Guedes, Duschinka Ribeiro Duarte; Barbosa, Rosângela Maria Rodrigues; Oliveira, André Luiz Sá de; Anastácio, Daniela B.; Pontes, Claudenice; Ayres, Constância Flávia Junqueira

doi:10.3389/fitd.2022.875031

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Data obtained here showed that 17 pools of C. quinquefasciatus were positive for ZIKV, and six of these exhibited no evidence of blood meal, indicating that the virus was replicating in the mosquito, rather than being recently acquired by hematophagy. Similar data was reported by Krokovsky et al (2022) [17], who screened 549 pools (~2500 C. quinquefasciatus) collected in Recife and its Metropolitan Area, and found ZIKV in 49 polls of non-engorged females. A vector surveillance conducted in Vitória, Espirito Santo State (Southeastern Brazil), also showed the presence of ZIKV in field-caught C. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…From 2015-2017, extensive mosquito surveillance was conducted in the metropolitan area of Recife (MAR), during the triple epidemics of DENV, CHIKV, and ZIKV, to evaluate virus circulation in the urban mosquitoes A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus [17]. This surveillance, combined with vector competence studies, supported the role of C. quinquefasciatus in ZIKV transmission in Recife [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Nosocomial Infections by the Zika and Chikungunya Viruses in Public Health Facilities in the Metropolitan Area of Recife, Brazil

et al. 2022

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Since 2015, the Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya viruses gained notoriety for their impact in public health in many parts of the globe, including Brazil. In Recife, the capital of Pernambuco State, the introduction of ZIKV impacted human population tremendously, owing to the increase in the number of neurological cases, such as the Guillain–Barré and congenital Zika disorders. Later, Recife was considered to be the epicenter for ZIKV epidemics in Brazil. For arboviral diseases, there are some risk factors, such as climate changes, low socioeconomic conditions, and the high densities of vectors populations, that favor the broad and rapid dispersion of these three viruses in the city. Therefore, continuous arbovirus surveillance provides an important tool for detecting these arboviruses and predicting new outbreaks. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the circulation of DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV by RT-qPCR in mosquitoes collected in health care units from the metropolitan area of Recife (MAR), during 2018. A total of 2321 female mosquitoes (357 pools) belonging to two species, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus, were collected from 18 different healthcare units, distributed in five cities from the MAR. Twenty-three pools were positive for ZIKV, out of which, seventeen were of C. quinquefasciatus and six were of A. aegypti. Positive pools were collected in 11/18 health care units screened, with Cq values ranging from 30.0 to 37.4 and viral loads varying from 1.88 × 107 to 2.14 × 109 RNA copies/mL. Nosocomial Aedes- and Culex-borne transmission of arbovirus are widely ignored by surveillance and vector control programs, even though healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are considered a serious threat to patient safety worldwide. Although the results presented here concern only the epidemiological scenario from 2018 in MAR, the potential of hospital-acquired transmission through mosquito bites is being overlooked by public health authorities. It is, therefore, of the ultimate importance to establish specific control programs for these locations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Nosocomial Infections by the Zika and Chikungunya Viruses in Public Health Facilities in the Metropolitan Area of Recife, Brazil

et al. 2022

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“…No tested pool showed positivity outside of the rainy season. Our findings highlight the importance of establishing a defined surveillance timeframe or targeted sampling approach in hotspots, in which active human dengue cases are identified, which others have shown increases mosquito positivity rates (Krokovsky et al, 2022). As such, implementing arbovirus testing in mosquitoes should be done using a more targeted approach that could be more cost-effective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

A numbers game: Mosquito-based arbovirus surveillance in two distinct geographic regions of Latin America

Mojica,

Arévalo,

Juarez

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Aedes mosquitoes, as vectors of medically important arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), constitute a major public health threat that requires entomological and epidemiological surveillance to guide vector control programs to prevent and reduce disease transmission. In this study, we present the collaborative effort of one year of mosquito-based arbovirus surveillance in two geographically distinct regions of Latin America (Nicaragua and Ecuador). Adult female mosquitoes were collected using backpack aspirators in over 2,800 randomly selected households (Nicaragua, Ecuador) and 100 key sites (Nicaragua) from eight distinct communities (Nicaragua: 2, Ecuador: 6). A total of 1,358 mosquito female pools were processed for RNA extraction and viral RNA detection using real-time RT-PCR. Ten positive dengue virus (DENV) pools were detected (3 in Nicaragua and 7 in Ecuador), all of which were found during the rainy season and matched the serotypes found in humans (Nicaragua: DENV-1 and DENV-4; Ecuador: DENV-2). Infection rates ranged from 1.13 to 23.13, with the Nicaraguan communities having the lowest infection rates. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of detecting DENV-infected Aedes mosquitoes in low-resource settings and underscore the need for targeted mosquito arbovirus sampling and testing, providing valuable insights for future surveillance programs in the Latin American region.

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“…Moreover, the presence of virus in a population does not necessarily relate to transmission. Mosquitoes will often be incidental carriers of pathogens circulating in the environment and may not be responsible for transmission [10][11][12] . There is no "smoking gun" in terms of transmission proofs from eld-collections of vertebrates or mosquitoes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Haematophagous insects can yield information on local pathogen prevalence without being part of the transmission cycle. For example, collections of tsetse ies in Tanzania 10 and Culex mosquitoes in the Brazilian Amazon 11 yielded malaria parasites while urban Culex collections identi ed dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses in Pernambuco, Brazil 12 .The presence of non-vector-borne pathogens, such as hepatitis C virus 8 and H5N1 virus 13 have also been noted in mosquito collections. Xeno-surveillance might also be used to detect vertebrate antibodies to pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito bloodmeals can be used to determine vertebrate diversity, host preference, and pathogen exposure in humans and wildlife

Vieira,

Gyawali,

Onn

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The surveillance and detection of zoonotic pathogens in animals is essential for predicting disease transmission pathways and the risks of spillover, but challenges include the costs, ethics and technical expertise required for vertebrate trapping, serum sampling and antibody or virus screening. Surveillance using haematophagous arthropods as a sampling tool offers a unique opportunity to obtain blood samples from a wide range of vertebrate species, allowing the study of host-mosquito associations, and host exposure to pathogens. We explored vertebrate diversity and potential Ross River virus (RRV) transmission pathways by analysing blood-fed mosquitoes collected in Brisbane, Australia. Host origins were identified using barcode sequencing, and host exposure to RRV was assessed using a modified plaque reduction neutralisation test. In total, 480 blood-fed mosquitoes were collected between February 2021 and May 2022. The host origins of 346 (72%) bloodmeals were identified, with humans (73%) and cattle (9%) comprising the dominant hosts. RRV seroprevalence was high in both vertebrate species with evidence of RRV exposure in 70% (21/30) of cattle and 52% (132/253) of humans. This is a novel, non-invasive method of estimating seroprevalence in vertebrate host populations. Our results highlight the potential of blood-fed mosquitoes to provide species-specific insights into pathogen transmission dynamics.

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Arbovirus Surveillance in Field-Collected Mosquitoes From Pernambuco-Brazil, During the Triple Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya Outbreak of 2015-2017

Cited by 5 publications

References 59 publications

Potential Nosocomial Infections by the Zika and Chikungunya Viruses in Public Health Facilities in the Metropolitan Area of Recife, Brazil

Potential Nosocomial Infections by the Zika and Chikungunya Viruses in Public Health Facilities in the Metropolitan Area of Recife, Brazil

A numbers game: Mosquito-based arbovirus surveillance in two distinct geographic regions of Latin America

Mosquito bloodmeals can be used to determine vertebrate diversity, host preference, and pathogen exposure in humans and wildlife

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