Arachidonic acid, prostaglandin E₂ and leukotriene C₄ levels in gingiva and submandibular salivary glands of rats fed diets containing n−3 fatty acids

Abstract

The effect of dietary n-3 fatty acids on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) levels in rat salivary glands and gingiva was examined in two separate nutritional studies. In the first set of experiments, two groups of male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed semipurified diets containing 10% corn oil (control group) or 10% menhaden oil (experimental group). Rats were killed after 8 wk on the diets; the fatty acid composition of total phospholipids and the concentrations of PGE2 and its precursor, arachidonic acid, were measured in gingiva and submandibular salivary glands (SMSG). Dietary n-3 fatty acids were incorporated into the tissue phospholipids. Arachidonic acid levels were reduced by 56% in gingiva and SMSG of rats fed menhaden oil compared with the control rats fed the diet containing corn oil. The concentrations of PGE2 in SMSG and gingiva of rats fed the diet containing menhaden oil were reduced by 74% and 83%, respectively. In a subsequent nutritional study, we tested whether the diet-induced reduction in tissue arachidonic acid levels would also result in a corresponding decrease in LTC4 production. Three groups of rats were fed diets containing 5% corn oil (group 1), 4% ethyl ester concentrate of n-3 fatty acids plus 1% corn oil (group 2), or 5% ethyl ester concentrate of n-3 fatty acids (group 3). After 6 wk of feeding, gingiva and SMSG were analyzed for arachidonic acid content and in vitro production of LTC4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Dietary lipids, prostaglandin E2 levels, and tooth movement in alveolar bone of rats

“…Arachidonic acid concentrations were significantly lower in total phospholipids of mandibles of rats fed the experimental diets than in those fed the control diet. Our results are consistent with the observations made on several other tissues such as gingiva and submandibular salivary glands of rats [12], mouse lung and kidney [13], and rat liver microsomes [14]. These results suggest that the levels of AA in phospholipids are decreased by feeding diets rich in n-3 fatty acids.…”

“…The basal diet was essentially an American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-76 diet [15,16] except that it had 10% fat instead of 5%. The fatty acid composition of the dietary lipids has been previously reported [12]. Rats were housed individually in suspended stainless-steel cages in a temperature and lightcontrolled room (22-23°C, 12-hour light-dark cycle) and were given diets and tap water ad libitum.…”

Omega-3 Fatty Acid Effect on Alveolar Bone Loss in Rats

“…The literature is replete with evidence supporting that EPA/DHA composition in serum reflects changes, in the membranes of most cells (Alam et al, 1991;Kitajka et al, 2002), which alter their functional properties. As examples, EPA, DHA, fish oil, and linoleic acid have been shown to regulate/activate several genes-such as fatty acid synthase, hormone-sensitive lipase, lipoprotein-lipase, phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxy-kinase, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein αand leptin mRNA levels-in rat adipose tissues (Raclot et al, 1997), genes controlling synaptic plasticity, and cytoskeleton and signal transduction in the rat hippocampus (Kitajka et al, 2002), and increased transthyretin transcription in the rat hippocampus (Puskas et al, 2003).…”

“…Dietary fish oil has been demonstrated to: protect mice against infection with numerous extracellular bacterial pathogens, regulate serum triglycerides and cholesterol levels, inhibit synthesis of lipid mediators of inflammation (PGE 2 , arachidonic acid, cyclo-oxygenase, 5-lipoxygenase), alter cellular functions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, modulate lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production, and increase endogenous host anti-oxidant capacity, e.g., SOD and catalase (Alam et al, 1991;Blok et al, 1992;Fernandes and Venkataraman, 1993). These effects have been proposed to account for the potent anti-inflammatory properties of omega (ω)-3 fatty acids (FA) in human, non-human primate, and rodent disease models.…”

Fatty acid composition and arachidonic acid concentrations in alveolar bone of rats fed diets with different lipids

“…Electron impact spectra were obtained using a mass selective detector (Hewlett-Packard Model 5970). Details of the GC/MS method have been previously described [8].…”