Arabinoxylans, gut microbiota and immunity

Mendis, Mihiri; Leclerc, Estelle; Şimşek, Şenay

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.11.068

Cited by 138 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Induction of T regs maintains an anti‐inflammatory milieu and the acidic pH prevents specific pathogens from gaining a foothold. Prebiotics are also speculated to protect the gut epithelium by increasing the mucus layer, elongating the microvilli, increasing numbers of epithelial cells, and by preventing adherence of pathogenic strains to the epithelial cells . Other SCFAs such as propionate appear to induce de novo generation of T regs in the peripheral immune system .…”

Section: Therapeutic Manipulation Of the Gastrointestinal Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prebiotics are also speculated to protect the gut epithelium by increasing the mucus layer, elongating the microvilli, increasing numbers of epithelial cells, and by preventing adherence of pathogenic strains to the epithelial cells. 140,141 Other SCFAs such as propionate appear to induce de novo generation of T regs in the peripheral immune system. 142 A newly published study in mice revealed that when deprived of fiber, commensal bacteria will degrade the protective mucosal mucus layer, permitting invasion by commensals and pathogens alike.…”

Section: Prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Gastrointestinal Microbiome: A Review

Barko

McMichael

Swanson

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

511

382

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The gastrointestinal microbiome is a diverse consortium of bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses that inhabit the gut of all mammals. Studies in humans and other mammals have implicated the microbiome in a range of physiologic processes that are vital to host health including energy homeostasis, metabolism, gut epithelial health, immunologic activity, and neurobehavioral development. The microbial genome confers metabolic capabilities exceeding those of the host organism alone, making the gut microbiome an active participant in host physiology. Recent advances in DNA sequencing technology and computational biology have revolutionized the field of microbiomics, permitting mechanistic evaluation of the relationships between an animal and its microbial symbionts. Changes in the gastrointestinal microbiome are associated with diseases in humans and animals including inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, immune‐mediated conditions, and neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder. While there remains a paucity of data regarding the intestinal microbiome in small animals, recent studies have helped to characterize its role in host animal health and associated disease states. This review is intended to familiarize small animal veterinarians with recent advances in the field of microbiomics and to prime them for a future in which diagnostic tests and therapies will incorporate these developments into clinical practice.

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Section: Therapeutic Manipulation Of the Gastrointestinal Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gastrointestinal Microbiome: A Review

Barko

McMichael

Swanson

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

511

382

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Phenolic acids in wheat bran have good oxidation resistance, can prevent the oxidation of fat and protein by the free radical scavenging system to exert anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and exhibit an anticancer effect (Onipe et al, 2015). As a natural food and drug auxiliary material, arabinoxylans are widely used in the food, medicine and cosmetic industries (Mendis et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of ultrasonic modification on arabinoxylans properties obtained from wheat bran

Fan

et al. 2016

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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Summary This work is concerned with modification of wheat bran arabinoxylans by ultrasound irradiation. The average molecular weights of arabinoxylans ranging from 580 000 to 800 000 kDa were yielded by regulating ultrasonic powder (120–480 W) and treat time (15–45 min). The phenolic compounds increased after ultrasound treatment, and arabinose‐to‐xylose ratios ranged between 0.55 and 0.67. FTIR spectroscopy revealed that the major chemical composition of arabinoxylans was unchanged. The maximum storage modulus Gtruemax′ decreased with the extension of ultrasonic treatment time. The antioxidant capacity test showed that the EC50 values decreased and the values from the ferric reducing antioxidant power decreased after ultrasound treatment. The results suggested that ultrasound is an effective method for the modification of arabinoxylans.

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“…Dietary intervention of foods and food-derived substances with immunomodulating activities is widely studied and considered a potential way of mediating immune functions to reduce the risk of infection or cancer (Zhang et al, 2015;Mendis et al, 2016). In this study, an enzymatic method was optimised to efficiently extract high yields (86%) of AXs with a high proportion of low MW (3.72 KDa) material and a high degree of branching (A/X = 0.83) from wheat flour pentosan.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase by arabinoxylans with molecular characterisation from wheat flour in cultured human monocytes

Zhang

Smith

Ashworth

et al. 2018

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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Summary The immunomodulatory activity of the arabinoxylans (AXs) extracts from cereal sources has been reported to impart health benefits in terms of immune enhancement. This study investigated the effect of enzymatic extraction on extraction yield and structure of AXs from wheat flour pentosan fraction. Under the optimised conditions, the extraction yield of AXs reached up to 81.25%. Furthermore, the study determined whether water‐extracted AXs (WEAXs) and enzyme‐extracted AXs (E‐WEAXs) from wheat flour were able to differentially stimulate nitric oxide (NO) secretion through increased levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in human U937 monocytes. The results indicated that AXs concomitantly induced (P < 0.05) both NO and iNOS productions in U937 monocytes compared to untreated cells. Compared with WEAXs, E‐WEAXs resulted in a higher proportion of low Mw (1–10 KDa) AXs (49.51% vs. 19.11% in WEAXs), a higher A/X ratio (0.83 vs. 0.48 in WEAXs) and a higher yield (12.83 ± 0.35% vs. 7.54 ± 0.47% in WEAXs). Moreover, E‐WEAXs induced significantly (P < 0.05) greater NO and iNOS production per million viable cells (61.8 ± 2.7 μm and 42.41 ± 3.83 ng respectively) than WEAXs (51.6 ± 2.6 μm and 33.46 ± 1.48 ng, respectively). The findings suggest AXs may heighten innate immune activity in the absence of infection or disease through an iNOS‐mediated stimulation of NO production. The immunomodulatory activity of the wheat‐derived AXs was enhanced by enzyme treatment, with low Mw and high A/X ratio associated with elevated NO/iNOS levels in human monocytes compared to water extraction.

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Arabinoxylans, gut microbiota and immunity

Cited by 138 publications

References 77 publications

The Gastrointestinal Microbiome: A Review

The Gastrointestinal Microbiome: A Review

The influence of ultrasonic modification on arabinoxylans properties obtained from wheat bran

Regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase by arabinoxylans with molecular characterisation from wheat flour in cultured human monocytes

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