Arabinogalactan proteins in root and pollen-tube cells: distribution and functional aspects

Nguema-Ona, Éric; Coimbra, Sı́lvia; Vicré-Gibouin, Maïté; Mollet, Jean‐Claude; Driouich, Azeddine

doi:10.1093/aob/mcs143

Cited by 99 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 233 publications

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“…Considering the established role of AGPs in pollen tube elongation (Nguema-Ona et al, 2012), the proposition is that the AGPs are important for normal cell tip growth in barley and, hence, for all stages of RH development (Marzec et al, 2015).…”

Section: "Returning Were As Tedious As Go O'er": Rh Initiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Hair Development in the Grasses: What We Already Know and What We Still Need to Know

2015

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ORCID IDs: 0000-0002-5261-6662 (M.Ma.); 0000-0001-7390-7234 (I.S.).A priority in many crop improvement programs for a long time has been to enhance the tolerance level of plants to both abiotic and biotic stress. Recognition that the root system is the prime determinant of a plant's ability to extract both water and minerals from the soil implies that its architecture is an important variable underlying a cultivar's adaptation. The density and/or length of the root hairs (RHs) that are formed are thought to have a major bearing on the plant's performance under stressful conditions. Any attempt to improve a crop's root system will require a detailed understanding of the processes of RH differentiation. Recent progress in uncovering the molecular basis of root epidermis specialization has been recorded in the grasses. This review seeks to present the current view of RH differentiation in grass species. It combines what has been learned from molecular-based analyses, histological studies, and observation of the phenotypes of both laboratory-and field-grown plants.

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Section: "Returning Were As Tedious As Go O'er": Rh Initiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Hair Development in the Grasses: What We Already Know and What We Still Need to Know

2015

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“…What are the future directions? Evidence has accumulated suggesting that the group of HRGPs including extensins and arabinogalactan proteins are key factors in regulating plant-microbe interactions (Balestrini et al, 1996;Vicré et al, 2005;Seifert and Roberts, 2007;Xie et al, 2011;Cannesan et al, 2012, Nguema Ona et al, 2012, 2013. For instance, arabinogalactan protein extracts from root caps were recently proposed as an antiparasitic compound against pathogenic oomycetes .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the Responses of Root Border-Like Cells of Arabidopsis and Flax to Pathogen-Derived Elicitors

et al. 2013

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Plant pathogens including fungi and bacteria cause many of the most serious crop diseases. The plant innate immune response is triggered upon recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as flagellin22 and peptidoglycan. To date, very little is known of MAMP-mediated responses in roots. Root border cells are cells that originate from root caps and are released individually into the rhizosphere. Root tips of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and flax (Linum usitatissimum) release cells known as "border-like cells." Whereas root border cells of pea (Pisum sativum) are clearly involved in defense against fungal pathogens, the function of border-like cells remains to be established. In this study, we have investigated the responses of root border-like cells of Arabidopsis and flax to flagellin22 and peptidoglycan. We found that both MAMPs triggered a rapid oxidative burst in root border-like cells of both species. The production of reactive oxygen species was accompanied by modifications in the cell wall distribution of extensin epitopes. Extensins are hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins that can be cross linked by hydrogen peroxide to enhance the mechanical strength of the cell wall. In addition, both MAMPs also caused deposition of callose, a well-known marker of MAMP-elicited defense. Furthermore, flagellin22 induced the overexpression of genes involved in the plant immune response in root border-like cells of Arabidopsis. Our findings demonstrate that root borderlike cells of flax and Arabidopsis are able to perceive an elicitation and activate defense responses. We also show that cell wall extensin is involved in the innate immunity response of root border-like cells.

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“…Intine forms beneath the exine, and two rounds of mitotic cell division produce two sperm cells surrounded by an AGP-containing wall (Coimbra et al, 2007). The intine in mature pollen grains consists mainly of cellulose, noncellulosic polysaccharides, and pectin (van Aelst and van Went, 1992;Ariizumi and Toriyama, 2011), whereas an intine-like structure ("germination plaque") produced upon pollen germination consists of cellulose, callose, and partly demethylesterified pectin (Hoedemaekers et al, 2015), with the pollen tube wall also including AGPs (NguemaOna et al, 2012).AGPs are a class of Hyp-rich glycoproteins found ubiquitously in plant cell walls, secretions, and at the plasma membrane (Nguema-Ona et al, 2012). Most members of this family of proteins are defined by a Hyp-rich protein backbone decorated by type II AGs, that is, a galactan backbone of b-(1,3)-linked-D-galactopyranose residues, with branches (between one and three residues long) of b-(1,6)-linked-D-galactopyranose, as well as other terminal monosaccharides such as Fuc, GlcA, and rhamnose, among others (Ellis et al, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

KNS4/UPEX1: A Type II Arabinogalactan β-(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase Required for Pollen Exine Development

et al. 2016

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Pollen exine is essential for protection from the environment of the male gametes of seed-producing plants, but its assembly and composition remain poorly understood. We previously characterized Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants with abnormal pollen exine structure and morphology that we named kaonashi (kns). Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. The characteristic exine phenotype in the kns4 mutant is related to an abnormality of the primexine matrix laid on the surface of developing microspores. Using light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies and staining with the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific b-Glc Yariv reagent, we show that the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine are considerably diminished, and their location differs from that of wild type, as does the distribution of pectin labeling. Furthermore, kns4 mutants exhibit reduced fertility as indicated by shorter fruit lengths and lower seed set compared to the wild type, confirming that KNS4 is critical for pollen viability and development. KNS4 was heterologously expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, and was shown to possess b-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. These data demonstrate that defects in AGP/pectic glycans, caused by disruption of KNS4 function, impact pollen development and viability in Arabidopsis.Pollen, the male gametophyte of all seed plants, is crucial for reproductive success. Due to the harsh environmental conditions that pollen must survive in, it has developed an elaborate and specialized cell wall. However, despite its importance our knowledge of the fine structure and assembly of the pollen grain wall is poorly understood (Newbigin et al., 2009;Ariizumi and Toriyama, 2011;Quilichini et al., 2015;Shi et al., 2015). Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) provides an ideal genetic and cell biological model to dissect the assembly of the components of the pollen grain wall. Arabidopsis pollen grains have a typical surface structure that consists of an inner intine layer, which is usually made up of cellulose and pectin, and the outer exine, which is largely composed of sporopollenin (Li et al., 1995). The exine is further subdivided into inner nexine and outer sexine. The sexine has a three-dimensional (3D) structure composed of many columns called baculae and a roof called tectum. These two structures give the Arabidopsis pollen surface a reticulate appearance with a uniform mesh size. The nexine is composed of outer nexine I (foot layer), which contains sporopollenin, and inner nexine II (endexine; Ariizumi and Toriyama, 2011;Jiang et al., 2013). A recent study suggests that arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are key constituents of nexine with express...

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Arabinogalactan proteins in root and pollen-tube cells: distribution and functional aspects

Cited by 99 publications

References 233 publications

Root Hair Development in the Grasses: What We Already Know and What We Still Need to Know

Root Hair Development in the Grasses: What We Already Know and What We Still Need to Know

Deciphering the Responses of Root Border-Like Cells of Arabidopsis and Flax to Pathogen-Derived Elicitors

KNS4/UPEX1: A Type II Arabinogalactan β-(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase Required for Pollen Exine Development

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