Arabinogalactan proteins and plant differentiation

Kreuger, Marc; Holst, G. J. n Van

doi:10.1007/bf00019543

Cited by 113 publications

(67 citation statements)

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“…Apart from the putative role of AGPs in cell-cell interactions during development (Kreuger and van Hoist, 1996), the data presented here suggest that AGP crosslinking is involved in responses to wounding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…In rapeseed, the epitope recognized by JIM8 specifies certain sexual cells and certain somatic cells that surround them (Pennell et aL, 1991). The spatial and temporal relationships between different AGP epitopes have led to the suggestion that AGPs are part of a cell-cell signalling mechanism that is involved with controlling cellular differentiation (Knox, 1995;Kreuger and van Hoist, 1996). It has been reported that oxidative crosslinking of proline-rich proteins (PRPs) and HRGPs in the cell wall leads to cell wall toughening, and that this crosslinking is regulated both in d e v e l o p m e n t and defence (Bradley et aL, 1992;Brisson et aL, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative cross‐linking of plasma membrane arabinogalactan proteins

et al. 1997

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SummaryMonoclonal antibodies which recognize carbohydrate in arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) have revealed that certain carbohydrate epitopes at the outer plasma membrane surface are developmentally regulated. Some epitopes are expressed according to cell position, and AGPs are thought to play a role in cell-cell interaction during development. This study demonstrates that sugar beet plasma membranes contain two subfamilies of AGPs, with apparent molecular masses of 82 and 97 kDa, and that each subfamily consists of a small number of acidic AGP isoforms. Excision of leaves generates three additional AGP complexes with apparent molecular masses of 120, 170 and 210 kDa, with the 170 kDa complex being the major form induced by excision. The addition of millimolar concentrations of H202 to a partially purified fraction of the 82 and 97 kDa AGPs also generates AGP complexes, with the 170 kDa complex as the major form. These results indicate that the plasma membrane AGPs are a target for endogenous H202.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative cross‐linking of plasma membrane arabinogalactan proteins

et al. 1997

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“…자연계에는 이러한 galactosyl residue와 arabinosyl residue가 풍부하게 존재하는 다당체로서 arabinogalactan과 단 백질의 복합체가 존재하는데 (Bacic et al, 1996) 식물에서 이들은 세포의 정체성 (cell identity) 이나 세포와 세포 신호 전달 (cell-to-cell signaling), 세포의 증식 (cell proliferation), 체세포배 형성 (somatic embryogenesis) 및 화분관 생장 (pollen tube growth) 등의 생리적 기능을 수행하는 것으로 알 려져 있다 (Kreuger and Holst, 1996). 뿐만 아니라 일당귀의 뿌리로부터 분리된 arabino-3-6-galactan이 고전적 경로 (classical pathway) 및 부경로 (alternative pathway) 모두에서 보체계를 활성화시킨다고 보고하였으며 (Yamada et al, 1985) lack wood에서 분리한 arabinogalactan의 경우 NK (natural killer) 세포를 활성화 시키거나 macrophage에서 세포활성화 cytokinie인 TNF-α의 생성을 촉진시키는 기능이 있다고 보고 (Kelly, 1999) 하고 있어 황기 지상부로부터 분리된 AMA-1-b-PS2 다당체는 식물의 arabinogalactan backbone을 가지고 있는 면역증강 활성 다당체로서 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각 된다.…”

Section: 황기 지상부로부터 장관면역 활성 다당체의 분리 및 독성시험unclassified

Isolation of Polysaccharides Modulating Intestinal Immune System and Single Oral Dose Toxicity Test in Astragalus membranaceus Abovegroud Parts

Choi¹,

Park²,

Lee³

et al. 2014

Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science

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: The six polysaccharide fractions were prepared by chromatographic procedure from the hot water extracts of the aboveground parts of Astragalus membranaceus. These six polysaccharides from aboveground parts of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge were tested for gut-mucosal immune activity and acute toxicity. In a view of molecular weight, the six fractions were estimated to be 75000, 88000, 129000 and 345000 Da, respectively. Component sugar analysis indicated that these fractions were mainly consisted of galactose (46.3~11.8%) and arabinose (35.4~9.9%) in addition to glucose, rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. Among the six major purified polysaccharides, AMA-1-b-PS2 showed highest bone merrow cell proliferation and lymphocyte of Peyer's patch stimulating activity. It may be concluded that intestinal immune system modulating activity of aboveground parts from Astragalus membranaceus Bunge is caused by polysaccharides having a polygalacturonan moiety with neutral sugars such as arabinose and galactose. In single oral dose toxicity study, no differences were observed between control and treated groups in clinical signs. The results indicated that lethal dose 50 (LD 50 ) of water extracts from Astragalus membranaceus-aboveground parts was found to be higher than 5000 ㎎/㎏/day in this experiment. From the above results, we may suggest that Astragalus membranaceus-aboveground parts might have useful as a safe material for functional food and pharmaceutics.

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“…If the incorporation into 1,6-and 1,3,6-linked galactosyl residues described in Table I11 is indicative of synthesis of arabinogalactan, and if we assume that [13C]G1c represents 10% of soluble precursor pools (estimate based on the relative proportion of [l3C]G1c in soluble pools at the beginning and end of the 2-d incubation period, discussed above), then the incorporation of [I3C] into 1,6-Gal and 1,3,6-Gal residues (1.8 and 2.7%, respectively; on average, approximately 2%) suggest that approximately 20% of the arabinogalactan measured in the outer pericarp was synthesized during the 2-d treatment with labeled sugar. Arabinogalactan proteins may play important roles in cell-cell recognition and plant differentiation (Kreuger and van Holst, 1996). Therefore, this relatively substantial amount of synthesis could have important implications regarding the control of tissue softening.…”

Section: Glycosyl Linkage Composition and Labelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Wall Metabolism in Ripening Fruit (IX. Synthesis of Pectic and Hemicellulosic Cell Wall Polymers in the Outer Pericarp of Mature Green Tomatoes (cv XMT-22)

1997

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Discs of outer pericarp were excised from mature green tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit and kept in sterile tissue culture plates for 4 d, including 2 d of incubation with D-[U-'3C]glucose. Cell walls were prepared and the water-soluble, pectic, and hemicellulosic polymers were extracted. Cell wall synthetic capacity was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of incorporation of the heavy isotope label. l h e "outer" 2-mm pericarp region, which included the cuticle, had a lower cell wall synthetic capacity than the "inner" 2-mm region immediately below it (closer to the locules), based on the percentage of labeling of the neutral sugars. lhere were no significant differences in relative abundance of glycosidic linkages in the two tissue regions. Label was incorporated into neutral sugars and linkages typical for each polysaccharide class were identified in the cell wall preparations. Calacturonic acid and glucuronic acid were labeled to an extent similar to that of the neutral sugars in each tissue region.

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Arabinogalactan proteins and plant differentiation

Cited by 113 publications

References 68 publications

Oxidative cross‐linking of plasma membrane arabinogalactan proteins

Oxidative cross‐linking of plasma membrane arabinogalactan proteins

Isolation of Polysaccharides Modulating Intestinal Immune System and Single Oral Dose Toxicity Test in Astragalus membranaceus Abovegroud Parts

Cell Wall Metabolism in Ripening Fruit (IX. Synthesis of Pectic and Hemicellulosic Cell Wall Polymers in the Outer Pericarp of Mature Green Tomatoes (cv XMT-22)

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