ARABINAN DEFICIENT 1 Is a Putative Arabinosyltransferase Involved in Biosynthesis of Pectic Arabinan in Arabidopsis

Harholt, Jesper; Jensen, Jacob Krüger; Sørensen, Susanne O.; Orfila, Caroline; Pauly, Markus; Scheller, Henrik Vibe

doi:10.1104/pp.105.072744

Cited by 232 publications

(240 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…1G). Similarly, the organization of the cells in the arad1-1 mutant, deficient in a gene encoding an a-1,5-arabinosyltransferase involved in rhamnogalacturonan I biosynthesis (Harholt et al, 2006), was not altered (Fig. 1H).…”

Section: Morphological Characterization Of Border-like Cells In Cell mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Plant material used was wild-type Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes Columbia and Wassilewskija) and the following mutants: mur2-1 (Vanzin et al, 2002), mur3 (Madson et al, 2003), rsw1 (Arioli et al, 1998), epc1-1 (Singh et al, 2005), qua2-1 (Mouille et al, 2007), arad1-1 (Harholt et al, 2006; these mutants were in the Columbia background), qua1-1 (Bouton et al, 2002), and kor1 (Nicol et al, 1998; these mutants were in the Wassilewskija background). Seeds were surface sterilized with 35% (v/v) ethanol for 5 min followed by immersion in 35% (v/v) bleach for 5 min.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Growth Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We thus examined the pattern of border-like cells released by the root tip of selected Arabidopsis mutants using microscopy and immunocytochemistry. These mutants are (1) quasimodo1-1 (qua1-1) and qua2-1 (Bouton et al, 2002;Mouille et al, 2007), ectopically parting cells1-1 (epc1-1; Singh et al, 2005), and arabinan deficient1-1 (arad 1-1; Harholt et al, 2006), which all have been reported to be possibly affected in pectin biosynthesis; (2) murus2-1 (mur2-1) and mur3, which make altered xyloglucan (Vanzin et al, 2002;Madson et al, 2003); and (3) radially swollen1 (rsw1) and korrigan1 (kor1), which are affected in cellulose biosynthesis (Arioli et al, 1998;Nicol et al, 1998).…”

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The Organization Pattern of Root Border-Like Cells of Arabidopsis Is Dependent on Cell Wall Homogalacturonan

et al. 2009

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Border-like cells are released by Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root tips as organized layers of several cells that remain attached to each other rather than completely detached from each other, as is usually observed in border cells of many species. Unlike border cells, cell attachment between border-like cells is maintained after their release into the external environment. To investigate the role of cell wall polysaccharides in the attachment and organization of border-like cells, we have examined their release in several well-characterized mutants defective in the biosynthesis of xyloglucan, cellulose, or pectin. Our data show that among all mutants examined, only quasimodo mutants (qua1-1 and qua2-1), which have been characterized as producing less homogalacturonan, had an altered border-like cell phenotype as compared with the wild type. Border-like cells in both lines were released as isolated cells separated from each other, with the phenotype being much more pronounced in qua1-1 than in qua2-1. Further analysis of border-like cells in the qua1-1 mutant using immunocytochemistry and a set of anti-cell wall polysaccharide antibodies showed that the loss of the wild-type phenotype was accompanied by (1) a reduction in homogalacturonan-JIM5 epitope in the cell wall of border-like cells, confirmed by Fourier transform infrared microspectrometry, and (2) the secretion of an abundant mucilage that is enriched in xylogalacturonan and arabinogalactan-protein epitopes, in which the cells are trapped in the vicinity of the root tip.

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Section: Morphological Characterization Of Border-like Cells In Cell mentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Plant Materials and Growth Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The Organization Pattern of Root Border-Like Cells of Arabidopsis Is Dependent on Cell Wall Homogalacturonan

et al. 2009

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“…A galacturonosyltransferase solubilized from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) membranes elongates a homogalacturonan acceptor (Doong et al, 1995), and an Arabidopsis galacturonosyltransferase (GAUT1) involved in homogalacturonan biosynthesis has recently been functionally characterized by heterologous expression of the corresponding protein (Sterling et al, 2006). In addition, Harholt et al (2006) recently identified a putative arabinosyltransferase (ARAD1) in Arabidopsis, which has been proposed to be involved in RG-I side chain biosynthesis, based on a 30% reduction of a-1,5-linked L-Araf in the corresponding T-DNA insertion mutant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis thaliana RGXT1 and RGXT2 Encode Golgi-Localized (1,3)-α-d-Xylosyltransferases Involved in the Synthesis of Pectic Rhamnogalacturonan-II

Egelund¹,

Petersen²,

Motawia³

et al. 2006

The Plant Cell

126

144

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Two homologous plant-specific Arabidopsis thaliana genes, RGXT1 and RGXT2, belong to a new family of glycosyltransferases (CAZy GT-family-77) and encode cell wall (1,3)-a-D-xylosyltransferases. The deduced amino acid sequences contain single transmembrane domains near the N terminus, indicative of a type II membrane protein structure. Soluble secreted forms of the corresponding proteins expressed in insect cells showed xylosyltransferase activity, transferring D-xylose from UDPa-D-xylose to L-fucose. The disaccharide product was hydrolyzed by a-xylosidase, whereas no reaction was catalyzed by b-xylosidase. Furthermore, the regio-and stereochemistry of the methyl xylosyl-fucoside was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance to be an a-(1,3) linkage, demonstrating the isolated glycosyltransferases to be (1,3)-a-D-xylosyltransferases. This particular linkage is only known in rhamnogalacturonan-II, a complex polysaccharide essential to vascular plants, and is conserved across higher plant families. Rhamnogalacturonan-II isolated from both RGXT1 and RGXT2 T-DNA insertional mutants functioned as specific acceptor molecules in the xylosyltransferase assay. Expression of RGXT1-and RGXT2-enhanced green fluorescent protein constructs in Arabidopsis revealed that both fusion proteins were targeted to a Brefeldin A-sensitive compartment and also colocalized with the Golgi marker dye BODIPY TR ceramide, consistent with targeting to the Golgi apparatus. Taken together, these results suggest that RGXT1 and RGXT2 encode Golgi-localized (1,3)-a-D-xylosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of pectic rhamnogalacturonan-II.

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“…6), appears to be involved in the biosynthesis of arabinan side-chains of RG I. Walls of ARAD1 mutants contain significant decreases in leaf and stem Ara (75% and 46%, respectively, of wild-type levels) (Harholt et al 2006). Immunohistochemical and linkage analysis indicated a specific decrease in the level but not structure of arabinan side chains of RGI with no change in other pectic domains or wall glycoproteins, indicating that it is likely that the decreased arabinan content is a direct result of the mutation.…”

Section: Rhamnogalacturonan I (Rg I)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant cell walls: the skeleton of the plant world

Doblin

Pettolino

Bacic

2010

Functional Plant Biol.

173

139

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Abstract. Plants are our major source of renewable biomass. Since cell walls represent some 50% of this biomass, they are major targets for biotechnology. Major drivers are their potential as a renewable source of energy as transport fuels (biofuels), functional foods to improve human health and as a source of raw materials to generate building blocks for industrial processes (biobased industries). To achieve sustainable development, we must optimise plant production and utilisation and this will require a complete understanding of wall structure and function at the molecular/biochemical level. This overview summarises the current state of knowledge in relation to the synthesis and assembly of the wall polysaccharides (i.e. the genes and gene families encoding the polysaccharide synthases and glycosyltransferases (GlyTs)), the predominant macromolecular components. We also touch on an exciting emerging role of the cell wall-plasma membrane-cytoskeleton continuum as a signal perception and transduction pathway allowing plant growth regulation in response to endogenous and exogenous cues.Additional keywords: cell wall-plasma membrane-cytoskeleton continuum, glycosyltransferase, polysaccharide structure and biosynthesis, synthase. Plant cell wallsA distinguishing feature of plant cells is the presence of a polysaccharide-rich wall. The wall encloses each cell while at the same time allowing the transfer of solutes and signalling molecules between cells via specific structures such as plasmodesmata (symplastic transport), or pores within the gellike matrix of the wall itself (apoplastic movement). Similar to the skeleton of animals, the plant wall is a key determinant of overall plant form, growth and development. In contrast to having a specialised skeletal system as occurs in animals, the shape and strength of plants rely on the properties of the wall. The wall also plays a significant role in plant defence and responses to environmental stresses. Plant walls are important not simply because they are integral to plant growth and development but also because they determine the quality of plant-based products. The texture, nutritional and processing properties of plant-based foods for human and animal consumption is heavily influenced by the characteristics of the wall. Fibre for textiles, pulp and paper manufacture, and timber products and increasingly for fuel and composite manufacture is largely composed of walls, or derived from them. Due to their relevance to these industries, the chemical structures of the constituent polymers (polysaccharides, (glyco) proteins, polyphenolics) and the biochemical processes involved in the synthesis, maturation and turnover of the wall have been the subjects of research for many years. This research is now intensifying with the prospect of using plant ligno-cellulosic biomass as a viable and sustainable alternative to fossil fuels in the production of transportation fuels. Advances are likely to occur through molecular biological and functional genomics approaches, including pu...

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ARABINAN DEFICIENT 1 Is a Putative Arabinosyltransferase Involved in Biosynthesis of Pectic Arabinan in Arabidopsis

Cited by 232 publications

References 52 publications

The Organization Pattern of Root Border-Like Cells of Arabidopsis Is Dependent on Cell Wall Homogalacturonan

The Organization Pattern of Root Border-Like Cells of Arabidopsis Is Dependent on Cell Wall Homogalacturonan

Arabidopsis thaliana RGXT1 and RGXT2 Encode Golgi-Localized (1,3)-α-d-Xylosyltransferases Involved in the Synthesis of Pectic Rhamnogalacturonan-II

Plant cell walls: the skeleton of the plant world

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