Arabidopsis <scp>PROTEIN </scp><i>S</i>‐<scp>ACYL TRANSFERASE</scp>4 mediates root hair growth

Wan, Zhi-Yuan; Chai, Sen; Ge, Fu-Rong; Feng, Qiang-Nan; Zhang, Yan; Li, Sha

doi:10.1111/tpj.13484

Cited by 38 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(152 reference statements)

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“…Mutation of this gene results in pleiotropic defects in plant development, and an alteration in the localization of three calcineurin B‐like proteins (CBL2/3/6) to the tonoplast, probably through protein palmitoylation (Qi et al , ; Zhou et al , ). PAT4 was also reported to be potentially responsible for ROP2 S ‐acylation in root hairs (Wan et al , ). PAT13 and PAT14 are involved in regulating precocious leaf senescence, though the mechanism is unclear (Lai et al , ; Li et al , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation in ZmTIP1 contributes to root hair elongation and drought tolerance in maize

Zhang

Mao

et al. 2019

Plant Biotechnology Journal

105

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Summary Drought is a major abiotic stress that threatens maize production globally. A previous genome‐wide association study identified a significant association between the natural variation of ZmTIP1 and the drought tolerance of maize seedlings. Here, we report on comprehensive genetic and functional analysis, indicating that ZmTIP1, which encodes a functional S‐acyltransferase, plays a positive role in regulating the length of root hairs and the level of drought tolerance in maize. We show that enhancing ZmTIP1 expression in transgenic Arabidopsis and maize increased root hair length, as well as plant tolerance to water deficit. In contrast, ZmTIP1 transposon‐insertional mutants displayed the opposite phenotype. A calcium‐dependent protein kinase, ZmCPK9, was identified as a substrate protein of ZmTIP1, and ZmTIP1‐mediated palmitoylation of two cysteine residues facilitated the ZmCPK9 PM association. The results of this research enrich our knowledge about ZmTIP1‐mediated protein S‐acylation modifications in relation to the regulation of root hair elongation and drought tolerance. Additionally, the identification of a favourable allele of ZmTIP1 also provides a valuable genetic resource or selection target for the genetic improvement of maize.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation in ZmTIP1 contributes to root hair elongation and drought tolerance in maize

Zhang

Mao

et al. 2019

Plant Biotechnology Journal

105

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“…There are relatively few studies describing the function of PATs in plants. Of the 24 encoded AtPATs, only six have been studied and shown to play a role in root hair growth (Hemsley et al, 2005;Wan et al, 2017), cell death, ROS production (Lai et al, 2015;Li et al, 2016), salt tolerance (Zhou et al, 2013), cell expansion and division (Qi et al, 2013), and branching (Xiang et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

S-Acylation of plant immune receptors mediates immune signaling in plasma membrane nanodomains

Chen

Ahsan

Thelen

et al. 2019

Preprint

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S-Acylation is a reversible protein post-translational modification mediated by Protein S-acyltransferases (PATs). Here, we demonstrate that three plant immune receptors P2K1 (DORN1), FLS2 and CERK1, representing three distinct families of receptor like-kinases, are S-acylated by Arabidopsis PAT5 and PAT9 on the plasma membrane (PM). Mutations in Atpat5 and Atpat9 resulted in an elevated plant immune response, increased phosphorylation and decreased degradation of FLS2, P2K1 and CERK1 during immune signaling. Mutation of key cysteine residues S-acylated in these receptors resulted in a similar phenotype as exhibited by Atpat5/Atpat9 mutant plants. The data indicate that S-acylation also controls localization of the receptors in distinct PM nanodomains and, thereby, controls the formation of specific protein-protein interactions. Our study reveals that S-acylation plays a critical role in mediating spatiotemporal dynamics of plant receptors within PM nanodomains, suggesting a key role for this modification in regulating the ability of plants in respond to external stimuli.

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“…A large scale genomic survey of 31 fully sequenced plant genomes found varying numbers of DHHC-CRD-containing sequences per plant genome and a total of 804 putative PATs were identified (Yuan et al, 2013). At present, only five plant PATs have been studied in some detail -AtPAT24 (TIP1) (Hemsley et al, 2005), AtPAT10 Zhou et al, 2013), AtPAT13 (Lai et al, 2015), AtPAT14 (Lai et al, 2015;Li et al, 2016;Zhao et al, 2016) and AtPAT4 (Wan et al, 2017). They are all from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana in which at least 24 putative PATs are found (Hemsley et al, 2005;Batisti c, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Both male and female gametogenesis require a fully functional protein S‐acyl transferase 21 in Arabidopsis thaliana

Morgan

et al. 2019

The Plant Journal

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Summary S‐Acylation is a reversible post‐translational lipid modification in which a long chain fatty acid covalently attaches to specific cysteine(s) of proteins via a thioester bond. It enhances the hydrophobicity of proteins, contributes to their membrane association and plays roles in protein trafficking, stability and signalling. A family of Protein S‐Acyl Transferases (PATs) is responsible for this reaction. PATs are multi‐pass transmembrane proteins that possess a catalytic Asp−His−His−Cys cysteine‐rich domain (DHHC‐CRD). In Arabidopsis, there are currently 24 such PATs, five having been characterized, revealing their important roles in growth, development, senescence and stress responses. Here, we report the functional characterization of another PAT, AtPAT21, demonstrating the roles it plays in Arabidopsis sexual reproduction. Loss‐of‐function mutation by T‐DNA insertion in AtPAT21 results in the complete failure of seed production. Detailed studies revealed that the sterility of the mutant is caused by defects in both male and female sporogenesis and gametogenesis. To determine if the sterility observed in atpat21‐1 was caused by upstream defects in meiosis, we assessed meiotic progression in pollen mother cells and found massive chromosome fragmentation and the absence of synapsis in the initial stages of meiosis. Interestingly, the fragmentation phenotype was substantially reduced in atpat21‐1 spo11‐1 double mutants, indicating that AtPAT21 is required for repair, but not for the formation, of SPO11‐induced meiotic DNA double‐stranded breaks (DSBs) in Arabidopsis. Our data highlight the importance of protein S‐acylation in the early meiotic stages that lead to the development of male and female sporophytic reproductive structures and associated gametophytes in Arabidopsis.

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Arabidopsis PROTEIN S‐ACYL TRANSFERASE4 mediates root hair growth

Cited by 38 publications

References 58 publications

Genetic variation in ZmTIP1 contributes to root hair elongation and drought tolerance in maize

Genetic variation in ZmTIP1 contributes to root hair elongation and drought tolerance in maize

S-Acylation of plant immune receptors mediates immune signaling in plasma membrane nanodomains

Both male and female gametogenesis require a fully functional protein S‐acyl transferase 21 in Arabidopsis thaliana

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