Arabidopsis MAP Kinase 4 Negatively Regulates Systemic Acquired Resistance

Petersen, Morten; Brodersen, Peter; Næsted, Henrik; Andréasson, Erik; Lindhart, Ursula; Johansen, Bo; Nielsen, Henrik Bjørn; Lacy, Michelle; Austin, Mark; Parker, Jane E.; Sharma, Sashi B.; Klessig, Daniel F.; Martienssen, Rob; Mattsson, Ole; Jensen, Anders B.; Mundy, John

doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00213-0

Cited by 920 publications

(864 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…It has frequently been observed that constitutive expression of biotic stress response genes in Arabidopsis leads to dwarf plant phenotypes (Greenberg, 1997). Arabidopsis mpk4 mutants have a dwarf phenotype and constitutive PR gene expression similar to that of mekk1 plants, and mpk4 mutants can also be rescued by nahG expression (Petersen et al, 2000;Brodersen et al, 2006). We observed that mekk1 mutant plants are not able to activate MPK4 in response to flg22 treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been previously reported that mutation of the Arabidopsis MAPK gene MPK4 causes a dwarf plant phenotype that can be largely rescued by the expression of the bacterial nahG gene (Petersen et al, 2000). We therefore introduced a nahG construct into mekk1 mutant plants to determine if elevated SA levels were responsible for the dwarf phenotype of mekk1 mutants.…”

Section: Mutation Of the Mekk1 Gene Causes A Dwarf Plant Phenotypementioning

confidence: 99%

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MEKK1 Is Required for flg22-Induced MPK4 Activation in Arabidopsis Plants

et al. 2006

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The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) gene MEKK1 encodes a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase that has been implicated in the activation of the map kinases MPK3 and MPK6 in response to the flagellin elicitor peptide flg22. In this study, analysis of plants carrying T-DNA knockout alleles indicated that MEKK1 is required for flg22-induced activation of MPK4 but not MPK3 or MPK6. Experiments performed using a kinase-impaired version of MEKK1 (K361M) showed that the kinase activity of MEKK1 may not be required for flg22-induced MPK4 activation or for other macroscopic FLS2-mediated responses. MEKK1 may play a structural role in signaling, independent of its protein kinase activity. mekk1 knockout mutants display a severe dwarf phenotype, constitutive callose deposition, and constitutive expression of pathogen response genes. This dwarf phenotype was largely rescued by introduction into mekk1 knockout plants of either the MEKK1 (K361M) construct or a nahG transgene that degrades salicylic acid. When treated with pathogenic bacteria, the K361M plants were slightly more susceptible to an avirulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae and showed a delayed hypersensitive response, suggesting a role for MEKK1 kinase activity in this aspect of plant disease resistance. Our results indicate that MEKK1 acts upstream of MPK4 as a negative regulator of pathogen response pathways, a function that may not require MEKK1's full kinase activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mutation Of the Mekk1 Gene Causes A Dwarf Plant Phenotypementioning

confidence: 99%

MEKK1 Is Required for flg22-Induced MPK4 Activation in Arabidopsis Plants

et al. 2006

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“…To address this question, a set of 34 Arabidopsis mutants that are resistant to the host powdery mildew pathogen were examined for pen3-like phenotypes (see Supplemental Table 4 online) (Greenberg and Ausubel, 1993;Frye and Innes, 1998;Rate et al, 1999;Clough et al, 2000;Petersen et al, 2000;Vogel and Somerville, 2000;Clarke et al, 2001;Mach et al, 2001;Rate and Greenberg, 2001;Maleck et al, 2002;Vogel et al, 2002Vogel et al, , 2004Liang et al, 2003). This collection included published cpr, acd, agd, and pmr mutants as well as a set of mil (for mildew-induced lesion) mutants (M. Nishimura, J. Vogel, and S. Somerville, unpublished data).…”

Section: Pen3 Encodes a Pdr-like Abc Transportermentioning

confidence: 99%

ArabidopsisPEN3/PDR8, an ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Contributes to Nonhost Resistance to Inappropriate Pathogens That Enter by Direct Penetration

et al. 2006

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Arabidopsis thaliana is a host to the powdery mildew Erysiphe cichoracearum and nonhost to Blumeria graminis f. sp hordei, the powdery mildew pathogenic on barley (Hordeum vulgare). Screening for Arabidopsis mutants deficient in resistance to barley powdery mildew identified PENETRATION3 (PEN3). pen3 plants permitted both increased invasion into epidermal cells and initiation of hyphae by B. g. hordei, suggesting that PEN3 contributes to defenses at the cell wall and intracellularly. pen3 mutants were compromised in resistance to the necrotroph Plectosphaerella cucumerina and to two additional inappropriate biotrophs, pea powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi) and potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans). Unexpectedly, pen3 mutants were resistant to E. cichoracearum. This resistance was salicylic acid–dependent and correlated with chlorotic patches. Consistent with this observation, salicylic acid pathway genes were hyperinduced in pen3 relative to the wild type. The phenotypes conferred by pen3 result from the loss of function of PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE8 (PDR8), a highly expressed putative ATP binding cassette transporter. PEN3/PDR8 tagged with green fluorescent protein localized to the plasma membrane in uninfected cells. In infected leaves, the protein concentrated at infection sites. PEN3/PDR8 may be involved in exporting toxic materials to attempted invasion sites, and intracellular accumulation of these toxins in pen3 may secondarily activate the salicylic acid pathway.

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“…By contrast, the MAP Kinase MPK4 was hypothesized to be a negative regulator of SAR [37]. Recent genetic analyses suggest that MPK4 regulates both SA signaling and the JA/ethylene defense pathways via EDS1 and PAD4 [38].…”

Section: Vasculature-associated Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%