Arabidopsis Fatty Acid Desaturase FAD2 Is Required for Salt Tolerance during Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth

Zhang, Jiantao; Liu, Hua; Sun, Jian; Li, Bei; Zhu, Qiang; Chen, Shao Liang; Zhang, Hongxia

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030355

Cited by 167 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…PCC 6803 in response to NaCl (Allakhverdiev et al, 1999), suggesting saturation of the PM fatty acids to enhance sensitivity to salt stress. In agreement with that, fatty acid desturase FAD2 was required for salt tolerance in Arabidopsis (Zhang et al, 2012c). Arabidopsis mutant fad2, which lacks the functional FAD2, had lower PM unsaturated fatty acids and reduced PM Na + /H + antiport activity, which resulted in cytoplasmic Na + accumulation and hence salt sensitivity compared with wild type.…”

Section: The Pm Fatty Acidssupporting

confidence: 85%

Role of the Plasma Membrane in Saline Conditions: Lipids and Proteins

2015

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The PM is believed to be one facet of the cellular mechanisms involved in adaptation to saline conditions. Alterations in the PM components in response to salinity are therefore anticipated to contribute to plant salt tolerance. The review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent findings describing the crucial roles of the PM components in plant acclimation to salt stress. The responses of the PM proteins and lipids to salinity in contrasting species/cultivars were therefore discussed. The relationship between alterations in the lipids and proteins of the PM and tolerance to salt stress is also addressed. Several lines of evidence were presented demonstrating correlation of modifying the PM composition with adaptation of plants to high salinity. Even if contradictory results have been observed, the roles of the PM lipids and proteins appeared to be of great importance for tolerance to high salinity. Despite the promising results, more research should be carried out at the molecular level to further evaluate the roles of some of the PM components in salt tolerance.

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Section: The Pm Fatty Acidssupporting

confidence: 85%

Role of the Plasma Membrane in Saline Conditions: Lipids and Proteins

2015

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“…Plant tolerance to the stress caused by low temperatures primarily depends on the ability of plant membranes to prevent injury and maintain integrity (Zhang et al, 2012). Instability of the lipid membrane is directly related to lipid composition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of genes related to tolerance to low temperature for maize seed germination

Silva-Neta¹,

Pinho²,

Veiga³

et al. 2015

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to characterize maize lines tolerant to cold temperatures during the germination process. Seeds from lines with different levels of tolerance to low temperatures were used; 3 lines were classified as tolerant and 3 as susceptible to low germination temperatures. A field was set up to multiply seeds from selected lines. After the seeds were harvested and classified, we conducted physiological tests and analyzed fatty acid content of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and eicosenoic acids. In proteomic analysis, the expression of heat-resistant proteins, including catalase, peroxidase, esterase, superoxide dismutase, and α-amylase, were evaluated. Transcript analysis was used to measure the expression of the genes AOX1, AOX2, ZmMPK-17, and ZmAN-13. The material showing the highest susceptibility to low germination temperatures contained high saturated fatty acid content. Expression of α-amylase in seeds soaked for 72 h at a temperature of 10°C was lower than expression of α-amylase when soaked at 25°C for the same amount of time. We observed variation in the expression of heat-resistant proteins Gene expression related to temperature tolerance in maize in seeds of the lines evaluated. The genes AOX and Zm-AN13 were promising for use in identifying maize materials that are tolerant to low germination temperatures.

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“…Additionally, four lipid transfer proteins, LTP4 (At5g59310), LTP3 (At5g59320), LTP6 (At3g08770), and LTP1 (At2g38540), that showed increased expression, are known as cell wall-localized small proteins that participate in responses to water deprivation and salt stress (Arondel et al, 2000; Table I). The expression levels of FATTY ACID DESATURASE2 (At3g12120), whose function is essential for the proper maintenance of low cytosolic Na + concentrations for salt tolerance during seed germination (Zhang et al, 2012), also increased, as well as the vegetative storage protein VSP2 (At5g24770), whose degradation serves as nitrogen and carbon sources that are available immediately for seed development and whose transcript is induced by osmotic and nutritional stresses (Liu et al, 2005; Table I). Finally, two HOMEOBOX proteins, HB12 (At3g61890) and HB7 (At2g46680), were upregulated significantly (Table I).…”

Section: Microarray Analysis Reveals the Induction Of Stress-associatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed-Specific Expression of a Feedback-Insensitive Form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE in Arabidopsis Stimulates Metabolic and Transcriptomic Responses Associated with Desiccation Stress

et al. 2014

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and Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 11016, Israel (R.A.) With an aim to elucidate novel metabolic and transcriptional interactions associated with methionine (Met) metabolism in seeds, we have produced transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds expressing a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINEg-SYNTHASE, a key enzyme of Met synthesis. Metabolic profiling of these seeds revealed that, in addition to higher levels of Met, the levels of many other amino acids were elevated. The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. These changes reflect stress responses and an altered mitochondrial energy metabolism. The transgenic seeds also had higher contents of total proteins and starch but lower water contents. In accordance with the metabolic profiles, microarray analysis identified a strong induction of genes involved in defense mechanisms against osmotic and drought conditions, including those mediated by the signaling cascades of ethylene and abscisic acid. These changes imply that stronger desiccation processes occur during seed development. The expression levels of transcripts controlling the levels of Met, sugars, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites were also significantly elevated. Germination assays showed that the transgenic seeds had higher germination rates under salt and osmotic stresses and in the presence of ethylene substrate and abscisic acid. However, under oxidative conditions, the transgenic seeds displayed much lower germination rates. Altogether, the data provide new insights on the factors regulating Met metabolism in Arabidopsis seeds and on the mechanisms by which elevated Met levels affect seed composition and behavior.

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Arabidopsis Fatty Acid Desaturase FAD2 Is Required for Salt Tolerance during Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth

Cited by 167 publications

References 49 publications

Role of the Plasma Membrane in Saline Conditions: Lipids and Proteins

Role of the Plasma Membrane in Saline Conditions: Lipids and Proteins

Expression of genes related to tolerance to low temperature for maize seed germination

Seed-Specific Expression of a Feedback-Insensitive Form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE in Arabidopsis Stimulates Metabolic and Transcriptomic Responses Associated with Desiccation Stress

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