Arabic Text Watermarking : A Review

Alotaibi, Reem Ahmed; Elrefaei, Lamiaa A.

doi:10.5121/ijaia.2015.6401

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Para Alotaibi (2015), a propriedade (ou atributo) carga útil pode ser expressa através de uma taxa de bits, que define a taxa de capacidade de uma watermarking (Alotaibi, 2015). A taxa de capacidade é expressa por meio das equações 4 e 5.…”

Section: Carga úTil De Dadosunclassified

Proteção da Prova Documental Impressa e Digitalizada com a Utilização de Watermarking

Ferreira¹

2015

Proceedings of the the Ninth International Conference on Forensic Computer Science

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Section: Carga úTil De Dadosunclassified

Proteção da Prova Documental Impressa e Digitalizada com a Utilização de Watermarking

Ferreira¹

2015

Proceedings of the the Ninth International Conference on Forensic Computer Science

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“…In summary, most of diacritics-based methods are simple to implement and provide higher capacity and robustness than others [10]. However, these methods cannot be used in text, in which, the appearance of all diacritics is important, like the Holy Quran.…”

Section: Text Using Kashida Variation Algorithm (Kva)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, they are easily detected or observed. Thus, many researchers add more security features to decrease the number of Kashidas and enhance the capacity [10]. On the other hand, shifting line, word or points methods are simple to implement however, their drawback is the high www.ijacsa.thesai.org probability of destroying the watermark when retyping or printing [10].…”

Section: Text Using Kashida Variation Algorithm (Kva)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these methods cannot be used in text, in which, the appearance of all diacritics is important, like the Holy Quran. Conversely, Kashida-based methods provide good capacity [10] and could be used in printed documents with different font formats. However, they are easily detected or observed.…”

Section: Text Using Kashida Variation Algorithm (Kva)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This recommendation takes into account the fact that each letter comes with four dissimilar outlines depending on its location in the word [10].…”

Section: G Improved "La" Wordmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Text Steganography using Extensions Kashida based on the Moon and Sun Letters Concept

A.Shaker¹,

Ridzuan²,

Pitchay³

2017

ijacsa

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Abstract-Existing steganography methods are still lacking in terms of capacity. Hence, a new steganography method for Arabic text is proposed. The method hides secret information bits within Arabic letters using two features, which are the moon and sun letters and the redundant Arabic extension character "-" known as Kashida. The Arabic alphabet contains 28 letters, which are classified into 14 sun letters and 14 moon letters. This classification is based on the way these letters affect the pronunciation of the definite article ‫)ال(‬ at the beginning of words. This method uses the sun letters with one extension to hold the secret bits "01", the sun letters with two extensions to hold the secret bits "10", the moon letters with one extension to hold the secret bits "00" and the moon letters with two extensions to hold the secret bits "11". The capacity performance of the proposed method is then compared to three popular text steganographic methods. Capacity is measured based on two factors which are Embedding Ratio (ER) and The Efficiency Ratio (TER). The results show that the Letter Points andExtensions Method produces 24.91% and 21.56% as the average embedding ratio and the average efficiency ratio correspondingly. For the Two Extensions "Kashida" Character Method, the results for the average embedding ratio and the efficiency ratio are 56.76% and 41.81%. For the Text Using Kashida Variation Algorithm method, the average embedding ratio and the average efficiency ratio are 31.61% and 27.82% respectively. Meanwhile, the average embedding ratio and the efficiency ratio for the Proposed Method are 61.16% and 55.70%. Hence, it is concluded that the Proposed Method outweighs the other three methods in terms of their embedding ratio and efficiency ratio which leads to the conclusion that the Proposed Method could provide higher capacity than the other methods.

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UniHaCh: Unicode and Hash Function Supported with Counting and Frequency Recurrence of Arabic Characters for Quranic Text Watermarking

Kazmi,

Habib,

Hayat

et al. 2023

Arab J Sci Eng

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Arabic Text Watermarking : A Review

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

Proteção da Prova Documental Impressa e Digitalizada com a Utilização de Watermarking

Proteção da Prova Documental Impressa e Digitalizada com a Utilização de Watermarking

Text Steganography using Extensions Kashida based on the Moon and Sun Letters Concept

UniHaCh: Unicode and Hash Function Supported with Counting and Frequency Recurrence of Arabic Characters for Quranic Text Watermarking

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