AQUIL: A CHEMICALLY DEFINED PHYTOPLANKTON CULTURE MEDIUM FOR TRACE METAL STUDIES<sup>1</sup><sup>2</sup>

Morel, François M. M.; Rueter, John G.; Anderson, Donald M.; Guillard, Robert R. L.

doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.1979.tb02976.x

Cited by 260 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Cell culture and growth All Synechococcus isolates used in the study were grown in synthetic ocean water-based medium with 13.4 μM Na 2 EDTA.2H 2 O, 87.6 μM K 2 HPO 4 , 96.8 μM Na 2 CO 3 and 9 mM NaNO 3 (Morel et al, 1979;Su et al, 2006). Cultures were grown at 18°C and 22°C under constant illumination of 20 μmol photons m −2 s − 1 and agitation at 100 r.p.m.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of low temperature on tropical and temperate isolates of marine Synechococcus

et al. 2015

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Temperature is an important factor influencing the distribution of marine picocyanobacteria. However, molecular responses contributing to temperature preferences are poorly understood in these important primary producers. We compared the temperature acclimation of a tropical Synechococcus strain WH8102 with temperate strain BL107 at 18°C relative to 22°C and examined their global protein expression, growth patterns, photosynthetic efficiency and lipid composition.Global protein expression profiles demonstrate the partitioning of the proteome into major categories: photosynthesis (440%), translation (10-15%) and membrane transport (2-8%) with distinct differences between and within strains grown at different temperatures. At low temperature, growth and photosynthesis of strain WH8102 was significantly decreased, while BL107 was largely unaffected. There was an increased abundance of proteins involved in protein biosynthesis at 18°C for BL107. Each strain showed distinct differences in lipid composition with higher unsaturation in strain BL107. We hypothesize that differences in membrane fluidity, abundance of protein biosynthesis machinery and the maintenance of photosynthesis efficiency contribute to the acclimation of strain BL107 to low temperature. Additional proteins unique to BL107 may also contribute to this strain's improved fitness at low temperature. Such adaptive capacities are likely important factors favoring growth of temperate strains over tropical strains in high latitude niches.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of low temperature on tropical and temperate isolates of marine Synechococcus

et al. 2015

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“…ALOHA (A Long Term Oligotrophic Habitat Assessment) in the North Pacific Ocean near Hawaii (22u459N,158u009W). Experimental cultures were grown with a semicontinuous culturing method at 28uC in autoclave-sterilized artificial seawater medium with nutrients added in concentrations equivalent to the recipe for the Aquil medium (except for NO { 3 ), as in Garcia et al (2011) and originally described by Morel et al (1979). The total P concentration was altered in the P-light-CO 2 manipulation experiment by adding P as H 2 NaPO 4 in aqueous solution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colimitation of the unicellular photosynthetic diazotroph Crocosphaera watsonii by phosphorus, light, and carbon dioxide

Garcia

Hutchins

2013

Limnology & Oceanography

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We describe interactive effects of total phosphorus (total P 5 0.1-4.0 mmol L 21 ; added as H 2 NaPO 4 ), irradiance (40 and 150 mmol quanta m 22 s 21 ), and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (P CO2 ; 19 and 81 Pa, i.e., 190 and 800 ppm) on growth and CO 2 -and dinitrogen (N 2 )-fixation rates of the unicellular N 2 -fixing cyanobacterium Crocosphaera watsonii (WH0003) isolated from the Pacific Ocean near Hawaii. In semicontinuous cultures of C. watsonii, elevated P CO2 positively affected growth and CO 2 -and N 2 -fixation rates under high light. Under low light, elevated P CO2 positively affected growth rates at all concentrations of P, but CO 2 -and N 2 -fixation rates were affected by elevated P CO2 only when P was low. In both high-light and low-light cultures, the total P requirements for growth and CO 2 -and N 2 -fixation declined as P CO2 increased. The minimum concentration (C min ) of total P and half-saturation constant (K K ) for growth and CO 2 -and N 2 -fixation rates with respect to total P were reduced by 0.05 mmol L 21 as a function of elevated P CO2 . We speculate that low P requirements under high P CO2 resulted from a lower energy demand associated with carbon-concentrating mechanisms in comparison with low-P CO2 cultures. There was also a 0.10 mmol L 21 increase in C min and K K for growth and N 2 fixation with respect to total P as a function of increasing light regardless of P CO2 concentration. We speculate that cellular P concentrations are responsible for this shift through biodilution of cellular P and possibly cellular P uptake systems as a function of increasing light. Changing concentrations of P, CO 2 , and light have both positive and negative interactive effects on growth and CO 2 -, and N 2 -fixation rates of unicellular oxygenic diazotrophs like C. watsonii.Within the past 5 yr, new attention has focused on the effects of elevated partial pressures of carbon dioxide (P CO 2 ) on marine dinitrogen (N 2 ) fixation. In particular, three studies initiated this interest by documenting increased N 2 -fixation rates by Trichodesmium erythraeum in response to elevated P CO 2 (Barcelos e Ramos et al. 2007;Hutchins et al. 2007;Levitan et al. 2007). It is, however, particularly important to answer questions about how multiple environmental factors might change and interact with rising P CO 2 to affect ocean biogeochemical cycles. Hutchins et al. (2007) examined the combined effects of P CO 2 , temperature, and P concentration on N 2 -fixation rates by two strains of T. erythraeum. That study concluded that P CO 2 limitation of N 2 -fixation rates by T. erythraeum was independent of P concentration because the relative magnitude of elevated P CO 2 effects on growth and N 2 -fixation rates was nearly identical in P-limited and Preplete cultures. This finding suggests that decreases in P concentrations, which are likely to accompany future changes in surface ocean warming and stratification (Hutchins et al. 2009), would not influence the effect of elevated P CO 2 on oceanic N 2 ...

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“…WH8102 was grown in synthetic seawater medium with salts based on Aquil (Morel et al, 1979). The final concentration of nutrients in Aquil was as follows: 4.5 mM NaNO 3 , 90mM Na 2 PO 4 , 100 mM NH 4 Cl, 13.4 mM Na 2 EDTA, 10 mM Na 2 CO 3 (N/ P ¼ 50:1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PtrA is required for coordinate regulation of gene expression during phosphate stress in a marine Synechococcus

et al. 2010

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Previous microarray analyses have shown a key role for the two-component system PhoBR (SYNW0947, SYNW0948) in the regulation of P transport and metabolism in the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. WH8102. However, there is some evidence that another regulator, SYNW1019 (PtrA), probably under the control of PhoBR, is involved in the response to P depletion. PtrA is a member of the cAMP receptor protein transcriptional regulator family that shows homology to NtcA, the global nitrogen regulator in cyanobacteria. To define the role of this regulator, we constructed a mutant by insertional inactivation and compared the physiology of wild-type Synechcococcus sp. WH8102 with the ptrA mutant under P-replete and P-stress conditions. In response to P stress the ptrA mutant failed to upregulate phosphatase activity. Microarrays and quantitative RT-PCR indicate that a subset of the Pho regulon is controlled by PtrA, including two phosphatases, a predicted phytase and a gene of unknown function psip1 (SYNW0165), all of which are highly upregulated during P limitation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicate binding of overexpressed PtrA to promoter sequences upstream of the induced genes. This work suggests a two-tiered response to P depletion in this strain, the first being PhoBdependent induction of high-affinity PO 4 transporters, and the second the PtrA-dependent induction of phosphatases for scavenging organic P. The levels of numerous other transcripts are also directly or indirectly influenced by PtrA, including those involved in cell-surface modification, metal uptake, photosynthesis, stress responses and other metabolic processes, which may indicate a wider role for PtrA in cellular regulation in marine picocyanobacteria.

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AQUIL: A CHEMICALLY DEFINED PHYTOPLANKTON CULTURE MEDIUM FOR TRACE METAL STUDIES¹²

Cited by 260 publications

References 21 publications

Effects of low temperature on tropical and temperate isolates of marine Synechococcus

Effects of low temperature on tropical and temperate isolates of marine Synechococcus

Colimitation of the unicellular photosynthetic diazotroph Crocosphaera watsonii by phosphorus, light, and carbon dioxide

PtrA is required for coordinate regulation of gene expression during phosphate stress in a marine Synechococcus

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AQUIL: A CHEMICALLY DEFINED PHYTOPLANKTON CULTURE MEDIUM FOR TRACE METAL STUDIES12

Cited by 260 publications

References 21 publications

Effects of low temperature on tropical and temperate isolates of marine Synechococcus

Effects of low temperature on tropical and temperate isolates of marine Synechococcus

Colimitation of the unicellular photosynthetic diazotroph Crocosphaera watsonii by phosphorus, light, and carbon dioxide

PtrA is required for coordinate regulation of gene expression during phosphate stress in a marine Synechococcus

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AQUIL: A CHEMICALLY DEFINED PHYTOPLANKTON CULTURE MEDIUM FOR TRACE METAL STUDIES¹²