Aquifers of Arkansas: protection, management, and hydrologic and geochemical characteristics of groundwater resources in Arkansas

Kresse, Timothy M.; Hays, Phillip D.; Merriman, Katherine R.; Gillip, Jonathan A.; Fugitt, D. Todd; Spellman, J. L.; Nottmeier, Anna M.; Westerman, Drew A.; Blackstock, Joshua M.; Battreal, James L.

doi:10.3133/sir20145149

Cited by 26 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Northwestern Arkansas includes many caves and springs developed in the Mississippian Boone Formation (Taylor et al 2009), a crinoidal limestone with abundant chert (averaging more than 70 % of the section) in upper sections and one of the major karst-forming units (Adamski et al 1995). Recharge to the Springfield Plateau aquifer, which includes the Boone Formation, is dominated by meteoric water infiltrating through soil and into bedrock, either diffusely or more directly through sinkholes, fractures, and losing streams (Adamski et al 1995;Kresse et al 2014). The Chattanooga Shale serves as the regional confining unit and separates units of the Springfield Plateau aquifer from the deeper Ozark Aquifer (Adamski et al 1995).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 98%

“…The Chattanooga Shale serves as the regional confining unit and separates units of the Springfield Plateau aquifer from the deeper Ozark Aquifer (Adamski et al 1995). Groundwater levels generally reflect surface topography (Kresse et al 2014), but as is characteristic in karst aquifers, groundwater and surface-water divides do not always coincide (Brahana 1997).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying the variability in Escherichia coli (E. coli) throughout storm events at a karst spring in northwestern Arkansas, United States

Knierim

Hays

Bowman³

2015

Environ Earth Sci

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In northwestern Arkansas, karst aquifers have experienced degraded water quality due to impacts of landuse changes, such as increased urbanization or intensification of agriculture. Water quality at a karst spring was characterized by quantifying the variability of fecal-indicator bacteria, specifically Escherichia coli (E. coli), throughout base-flow periods and storm events. Waterquality change over time was assessed using an intermittent record of nitrate and chloride data since the 1990s. A Geographic Information System was used to quantify changes in land use over time and identify housing subdivisions using on-site septic systems. E. coli was significantly greater during storm events (649 CFU/100 mL or MP/ 100 mL) than base-flow periods (41 CFU/100 mL or MPN/ 100 mL). The increase in E. coli at the spring following storm events was interpreted to result from flushing of bacteria from the land surface, through the epikarst and karst conduits, and into groundwater. Nitrate and chloride have increased significantly since the 1990s, following the general pattern of increased urbanization in the recharge area. Septic-tank effluent may be degrading the water quality of the karst spring based on the dominance of on-site septic tank usage in the recharge area, unsuitable topography and soil type for septic tank absorption fields, increased nitrate and chloride concentrations concomitant with increased urbanization, and increase of the fecal-indicator bacteria E. coli following storm events.

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Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the variability in Escherichia coli (E. coli) throughout storm events at a karst spring in northwestern Arkansas, United States

Knierim

Hays

Bowman³

2015

Environ Earth Sci

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“…Field trials were carried out at Blowing Springs Cave and the Savoy Experimental Watershed located in Northwest Arkansas, USA (Figure 4). The two sites represent karst environments within the Springfield Plateau physiographic province overlying the Springfield Plateau aquifer (Kresse et al, 2014). The Springfield Plateau province can be characterized as a mantled karst terrain consisting of a cherty regolith overlying the Boone Formation, a cave forming Paleozoic carbonate unit (Brahana et al, 1999;Knierim et al, 2013;Al-Qinna et al, 2014;Jarvie et al, 2014).…”

Section: Field Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Atmospheric, Soil, and Dissolved CO2 Using a Low-Cost, Arduino Monitoring Platform (CO2-LAMP): Theory, Fabrication, and Operation

et al. 2019

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Variability of CO 2 concentrations within the Earth system occurs over a wide range of time and spatial scales. Resolving this variability and its drivers in terrestrial and aquatic environments ultimately requires high-resolution spatial and temporal monitoring; however, relatively high-cost gas analyzers and data loggers can present barriers in terms of cost and functionality. To overcome these barriers, we developed a low-cost Arduino monitoring platform (CO2-LAMP) for recording CO 2 variability in electronically harsh conditions: humid air, soil, and aquatic environments. A relatively inexpensive CO 2 gas analyzer was waterproofed using a semi-permeable, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane. Using first principles, we derived a formulation of the theoretical operation and measurement of PCO 2(aq) by infrared gas analyzers submerged in aquatic environments. This analysis revealed that an IRGA should be able to measure PCO 2(aq) independent of corrections for hydrostatic pressure. CO2-LAMP theoretical operation and measurement were also verified by accompanying laboratory assessment measuring PCO 2(aq) at multiple water depths. The monitoring platform was also deployed at two sites within the Springfield Plateau province in northwest Arkansas, USA: Blowing Springs Cave and the Savoy Experimental Watershed. At Blowing Springs Cave, the CO2-LAMP operated alongside a relatively greater-cost CO 2 monitoring platform. Over the monitoring period, measured values between the two systems covaried linearly (r 2 = 0.97 and 0.99 for cave air and cave stream dissolved CO 2 , respectively). At the Savoy Experimental Watershed, measured soil CO 2 variability capturing sub-daily variation was consistent with previously documented studies in humid, temperate soils. Daily median values varied linearly with soil moisture content (r 2 = 0.84). Overall, the CO2-LAMP captured sub-daily variability of CO 2 in humid air, soil, and aquatic environments that, while out of the scope of the study, highlight both cyclical and complex CO 2 behavior. At present, long-term assessment of platform design is ongoing. Considering cost-savings, CO2-LAMP presents a working base design for continuous, accurate, low-power, and low-cost CO 2 monitoring for remote locations.

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“…The geology and hydrogeology of north-central Arkansas and the BNR have been described in numerous publications, most notably (McKnight, 1935;Odgen et al, 1979;Goodman and Odgen, 1980;Adamaski et. al, 1995;McFarland, 1998;Kresse et. al, 2014).…”

Section: Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquifers of Arkansas: protection, management, and hydrologic and geochemical characteristics of groundwater resources in Arkansas

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Quantifying the variability in Escherichia coli (E. coli) throughout storm events at a karst spring in northwestern Arkansas, United States

Quantifying the variability in Escherichia coli (E. coli) throughout storm events at a karst spring in northwestern Arkansas, United States

Monitoring Atmospheric, Soil, and Dissolved CO2 Using a Low-Cost, Arduino Monitoring Platform (CO2-LAMP): Theory, Fabrication, and Operation

Margaret White Springs Recharge Study, Buffalo National River, North-Central Arkansas, Usa

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