Aquifer disposal of CO2-rich gases: Reaction design for added capacity

Gunter, William D.; Perkins, E.H.; McCann, Tom

doi:10.1016/0196-8904(93)90040-h

Cited by 281 publications

(161 citation statements)

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“…The potential for leakage will depend on well and cap rock (seal) integrity and the trapping mechanism. CO 2 can be retained in reservoirs by means of the following trapping mechanisms (Bachu et al, 1994;Ennis-King and Paterson, 2001;Gunter et al, 1993;Hitchon et al, 1999):…”

Section: Co 2 Leakagementioning

confidence: 99%

Health, Safety and Environmental Risks of Underground Co2 Storage – Overview of Mechanisms and Current Knowledge

2006

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Abstract. CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) in geological reservoirs may be part of a strategy to reduce global anthropogenic CO 2 emissions. Insight in the risks associated with underground CO 2 storage is needed to ensure that it can be applied as safe and effective greenhouse mitigation option. This paper aims to give an overview of the current (gaps in) knowledge of risks associated with underground CO 2 storage and research areas that need to be addressed to increase our understanding in those risks. Risks caused by a failure in surface installations are understood and can be minimised by risk abatement technologies and safety measures. The risks caused by underground CO 2 storage (CO 2 and CH 4 leakage, seismicity, ground movement and brine displacement) are less well understood. Main R&D objective is to determine the processes controlling leakage through/along wells, faults and fractures to assess leakage rates and to assess the effects on (marine) ecosystems. Although R&D activities currently being undertaken are working on these issues, it is expected that further demonstration projects and experimental work is needed to provide data for more thorough risk assessment.

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Section: Co 2 Leakagementioning

confidence: 99%

Health, Safety and Environmental Risks of Underground Co2 Storage – Overview of Mechanisms and Current Knowledge

2006

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“…Within deep-sea basalt aquifers, the injected CO 2 mixes with seawater and reacts with basalt, both of which are rich in alkaline-earth elements. The release of Ca 2ϩ and Mg 2ϩ ions from basalt will form stable carbonate minerals as reaction products (19,20). Takahashi et al…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dioxide sequestration in deep-sea basalt

Goldberg

Takahashi

Slagle

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

246

150

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Developing a method for secure sequestration of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in geological formations is one of our most pressing global scientific problems. Injection into deep-sea basalt formations provides unique and significant advantages over other potential geological storage options, including (i) vast reservoir capacities sufficient to accommodate centuries-long U.S. production of fossil fuel CO2 at locations within pipeline distances to populated areas and CO2 sources along the U.S. west coast; (ii) sufficiently closed water-rock circulation pathways for the chemical reaction of CO2 with basalt to produce stable and nontoxic (Ca 2؉ , Mg 2؉ , Fe 2؉ )CO3 infilling minerals, and (iii) significant risk reduction for post-injection leakage by geological, gravitational, and hydrate-trapping mechanisms. CO2 sequestration in established sediment-covered basalt aquifers on the Juan de Fuca plate offer promising locations to securely accommodate more than a century of future U.S. emissions, warranting energized scientific research, technological assessment, and economic evaluation to establish a viable pilot injection program in the future.climate change ͉ ocean crust ͉ climate mitigation ͉ fossil fuel emissions ͉ energy I n recent years, the debate over the most effective means to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere has not focused on a single solution but has endorsed multiple approaches to this global problem that require a variety of technologies (1-4). In its latest report on carbon capture and storage, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (5) noted that geological storage of industrial CO 2 emissions can contribute significantly to achieving a stable solution over the next several decades. Among geological storage techniques, CO 2 injection into deep saline aquifers, or its reinjection into depleted oil and gas reservoirs, has potentially large storage capacity and geographic ubiquity (6-10). The effectiveness of these methods for CO 2 sequestration depends strongly on the reservoir capacity, retention time, stability, and risk for leakage (11,12). Gunter et al. (13) discuss two primary trapping mechanisms for CO 2 injected into an aquifer: physical trapping and geochemical trapping. The first involves low-permeability caprocks or stratigraphic seals that physically impede vertical migration of injected CO 2 to the surface. Sedimentary aquifers, such as depleted oil reservoirs, offer established reservoirs for physical trapping, but generally lack geochemical trapping potential. Geochemical trapping (13), also known as mineral trapping, involves long-term reactions of CO 2 with host rocks and the formation of stable minerals such as carbonates under in situ conditions. In nature, mineral carbonization of host rocks occurs in a variety of well documented settings, such as hydrothermal alteration at volcanic springs (14), through surface weathering (15), and in deep ocean vent systems (16). These processes are commonly associated with serpentinization in ultramafic and mafic roc...

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“…For large aquifers, the CO2 will eventually dissolve in the water ("dissolution trapping" of CO2). For sandstone reservoirs containing certain clay minerals (but not carbonate reservoirs), the CO2 will, after dissolving in the water, eventually precipitate out as a carbonate mineral ("mineral trapping" of CO2) [Gunter et al, 1993].…”

Section: Energy For Sustainable Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward zero emissions from coal in China

Williams

2001

Energy for Sustainable Development

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Aquifer disposal of CO2-rich gases: Reaction design for added capacity

Cited by 281 publications

References 6 publications

Health, Safety and Environmental Risks of Underground Co2 Storage – Overview of Mechanisms and Current Knowledge

Health, Safety and Environmental Risks of Underground Co2 Storage – Overview of Mechanisms and Current Knowledge

Carbon dioxide sequestration in deep-sea basalt

Toward zero emissions from coal in China

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