Aqueous thermogalvanic cells with a high Seebeck coefficient for low-grade heat harvest

Duan, Jiangjiang; Feng, Guang; Yu, Benhai; Li, Jia; Chen, Ming; Yang, Peihua; Feng, Jun; Liu, Kang; Zhou, Jun

doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07625-9

Cited by 279 publications

(278 citation statements)

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“…The common analytic relation for the thermoelectric behavior is derived from the free energy gradients produced by entropy per unit charge across a temperature gradient [ 5 , 28 ]

where J is the current density,

is the electrical conductivity, V is the voltage or potential difference between electrodes,

is the Seebeck coefficient, and T is the temperature difference between electrodes.…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Heat Expansion with a Series of Ionic Liquids: The Case for Isochoric Thermoelectric Generators and Minimal Steric Repulsion

Jackson

Engel

Vuong

2019

Entropy

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The role of convection in liquid thermoelectric cells may be difficult to predict because the inter- and intramolecular interactions are not currently incorporated into thermodynamic models. Here, we study the thermoelectric response of a series of five anhydrous 1-methyl-3- alkylimidazolium halide ionic liquids with varied chain length and counterion in a high-aspect-ratio, horizontal-temperature-gradient geometry, where convection is minimal. While a canonical constant-volume thermodynamic model predicts that the longer aliphatic groups exhibit larger Seebeck coefficients, we instead measure the opposite: Longer aliphatic chains correlate with lower densities and greater heat expansion, stronger intermolecular associations, stronger steric repulsion, and lower Seebeck coefficients. As evidence of the critical role of thermal expansion, we measure that the Seebeck effect is nonlinear: Values of −2.8 mV/K with a 10 K temperature difference and −1.8 mV/K with a 50 K difference are measured with ether ion. Our results indicate that steric repulsion and heat expansion are important considerations in ionic liquid design; with large temperature differences, the Seebeck coefficient correlates negatively with heat expansion. Our results suggest that Seebeck values will improve if thermal expansion is limited in a pressurized, isochoric, convection-free design.

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“…The common analytic relation for the thermoelectric behavior is derived from the free energy gradients produced by entropy per unit charge across a temperature gradient [ 5 , 28 ]

where J is the current density,

is the electrical conductivity, V is the voltage or potential difference between electrodes,

is the Seebeck coefficient, and T is the temperature difference between electrodes.…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) [ 4 ] are composed solely of complementary ions. In contrast, electrolytes and nanofluids contain charged nanoparticles and ions that are dispersed in solvent [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Heat Expansion with a Series of Ionic Liquids: The Case for Isochoric Thermoelectric Generators and Minimal Steric Repulsion

Jackson

Engel

Vuong

2019

Entropy

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“…The generated electrical energy is connected to a storage unit through a power management circuit, which enables the continuous operation of an IoT Bluetooth beacon for wireless signal transmission. Converting human body heat into a form of usable energy provides another reliable approach for self‐powered wearable systems 284,285 . As shown in Figure 9C, a flexible thermoelectric generator (TEG) is developed with a polymer‐based heat sink assembled on the top surface to further increase the output power density from 8 to 38 μWcm −2 286 .…”

Section: Self‐sustainable Wearable Electronics Integrated With Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in wearable electronics/photonics—Moving toward the era of artificial intelligence and internet of things

Shi

Dong

et al. 2020

InfoMat

369

219

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The past few years have witnessed the significant impacts of wearable electronics/photonics on various aspects of our daily life, for example, healthcare monitoring and treatment, ambient monitoring, soft robotics, prosthetics, flexible display, communication, human‐machine interactions, and so on. According to the development in recent years, the next‐generation wearable electronics and photonics are advancing rapidly toward the era of artificial intelligence (AI) and internet of things (IoT), to achieve a higher level of comfort, convenience, connection, and intelligence. Herein, this review provides an opportune overview of the recent progress in wearable electronics, photonics, and systems, in terms of emerging materials, transducing mechanisms, structural configurations, applications, and their further integration with other technologies. First, development of general wearable electronics and photonics is summarized for the applications of physical sensing, chemical sensing, human‐machine interaction, display, communication, and so on. Then self‐sustainable wearable electronics/photonics and systems are discussed based on system integration with energy harvesting and storage technologies. Next, technology fusion of wearable systems and AI is reviewed, showing the emergence and rapid development of intelligent/smart systems. In the last section of this review, perspectives about the future development trends of the next‐generation wearable electronics/photonics are provided, that is, toward multifunctional, self‐sustainable, and intelligent wearable systems in the AI/IoT era.

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“…In the past two decades, researchers have developed several energy conversion devices based on piezoelectricity, electrostaticity, triboelectricity, or thermoelectricity that can directly harvest the mechanical or thermal energy and convert it into electric energy (these conversion devices are so‐called nanogenerators (NGs)) . The first nanogenerator (NG) based on ZnO was invented by Prof. Wang in 2006; after that, various NGs were developed to harvest the mechanical or thermal energy with the output performance increasing gradually .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber‐Based Energy Conversion Devices for Human‐Body Energy Harvesting

et al. 2019

Self Cite

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body is actually a tremendous storehouse of energy that is generated from body heat and motion. [15][16][17][18][19] Power generation from breathing, heating, blood transport, arm motion, typing, and walking could reach to over 100 W for a 68 kg adult's daily activities (Figure 1). [20] Thus, converting 1% of power from the human body may be enough to support the work of most portable electronics.In the past two decades, researchers have developed several energy conversion devices based on piezoelectricity, electrostaticity, triboelectricity, or thermoelectricity that can directly harvest the mechanical or thermal energy and convert it into electric energy (these conversion devices are so-called nanogenerators (NGs)). [21][22][23][24][25] The first nanogenerator (NG) based on ZnO was invented by Prof. Wang in 2006; after that, various NGs were developed to harvest the mechanical or thermal energy with the output performance increasing gradually. [26] These NGs are easy-to-construct flexible devices since most materials for these devices are polymers and nanomaterials. Generally, the flexible devices assembled by film materials can be stretchable and bendable in one direction. But their lack of air-permeability, poor 3D deformation, and low damage tolerance limit their application, especially for wearable electronics. Therefore, fiberbased energy conversion devices have been designed. [27] These fiber-based devices can also be knitted to yarn or fabric in the clothing system to build up a large area electronic system. [28,29] The energy generation and internal charging can be realized by means of a self-powered system that harvests the energy from natural sources around the human body to sustain the wearable electronics. [30][31][32] The search for functional materials that possess good conversion efficiency, as well as great mechanical and environmental stability, combined with a novel device design might push these devices to meet the requirement of a practical application. In the past decade, numerous contributions have been offered to improve the performance of fiber-based energy conversion devices (FBECD) and extend its application. This review specifically summarizes FBECD with different energy conversion mechanisms including piezoelectricity, electrostaticity, triboelectricity, and thermoelectricity in recent processes (Figure 2). The functional materials, fiber fabrication techniques, and device design strategies for different classes of FBECDs are covered in the article. We also introduce an overview of the fiber-based self-powered system and sensors and Following the rapid development of lightweight and flexible smart electronic products, providing energy for these electronics has become a hot research topic. The human body produces considerable mechanical and thermal energy during daily activities, which could be used to power most wearable electronics. In this context, fiber-based energy conversion devices (FBECD) are proposed as candidates for effective conversion of human-body energy into electricity...

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Aqueous thermogalvanic cells with a high Seebeck coefficient for low-grade heat harvest

Cited by 279 publications

References 38 publications

Role of Heat Expansion with a Series of Ionic Liquids: The Case for Isochoric Thermoelectric Generators and Minimal Steric Repulsion

Role of Heat Expansion with a Series of Ionic Liquids: The Case for Isochoric Thermoelectric Generators and Minimal Steric Repulsion

Progress in wearable electronics/photonics—Moving toward the era of artificial intelligence and internet of things

Fiber‐Based Energy Conversion Devices for Human‐Body Energy Harvesting

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