Aqueous solutions of the mono- and di-hydrogenphosphate salts of sodium and potassium at elevated temperatures. Isopiestic results

Thermodynamic study of the ternary mixed electrolyte (NaCl+NiCl2+H2O) system: Application of Pitzer model with higher-order electrostatic effects

“…The Pitzer model extended the Debye-Hückel method with a virial expansion to account for the ionic strength dependence of the binary repulsive short-range forces, and higher order interactions [8][9][10]. To measure the thermodynamic properties in mixed electrolyte solutions, the most common methods involve the isopiestic vapor pressure [11,12], vapor pressure lowering [13,14], electromotive force (emf) techniques [15][16][17] and electrodynamics balance [18]. Emf methods have the characteristics of simplicity and convenience in comparison with the other foregoing techniques.…”

Thermodynamic properties determination of ternary mixture (NaCl+Na2HPO4+water) using potentiometric measurements

“…To measure the thermodynamic properties in mixed electrolyte solutions, the most common methods involve the isopiestic vapor pressure [5,6], vapor pressure lowering [7,8], the electromotive force (emf) techniques [9,10] and hygrometric method [11]. Among the various methods, electrochemical cells with ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) because of rapidity and relative simplicity to generate experimental data are important.…”

Potentiometric determination of the thermodynamic properties for the ternary system (KCl+KNO3+H2O) at T=298.15K

“…For application of the Pitzer model to electrolyte solutions, there are the numbers of adjustable parameters that must be correlated with experimental data. To measure the experimental thermodynamic properties in mixed electrolyte solutions, the most common methods are the isopiestic vapor pressure [9,10], hygrometry [11,12], and potentiometric techniques [13,14]. The potentiometric method using ion-selective electrodes presents advantages such as rapidity and relative simplicity to generate experimental data in comparison with the other foregoing techniques [8,15].…”