Aqueous polymerization of acrylamide by electrolitically generated KMnO4 organic acid redox systems

Saraç, A. Sezai̊; Soydan, A. Bahattin; Coka, V.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19961003)62:1<111::aid-app14>3.0.co;2-8

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…AAm polymerization was carried out at various reaction temperatures and permanganate concentrations with potassium permanganate–Titriplex VI redox couples. Under the conditions of this study and on the basis of the findings of a previous study,12 we can tentatively propose that permanganate first reacts with AAm by producing a brownish black solution of MnO 2 in addition to a reaction of permanganate with water [Mn(IV)], which interacts with carboxylic acid to produce corresponding free radicals (L 1 ·) and hydroxyl radicals. The Mn(III) formed by this reaction produces free radicals (L 2 ·).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…In the aqueous polymerization of AAm initiated by a permanganate‐reducing‐agent system, it is thought that permanganate first reacts with AAm and produces immediately a brownish black solution that interacts with the reducing agent to produce free radicals (primary radicals), highly reactive Mn(III) ions. Mn(III) ions are supposed to be more reactive to produce free radicals (secondary radicals), which are capable of initiating the polymerization of AAm 12…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electro‐induced polymerization of acrylamide initiated by the potassium permanganate–titriplex VI redox system

Saraç

Soydan

Bülbül

2001

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The polymerization of acrylamide (AAm) was carried out with a potassium permanganate-Titriplex VI redox initiator system with and without electrolysis. Because of the high metal-ion concentration in general, low-molecular-weight polymers were obtained (weight-average molecular weight ϭ 2600 -4000). The effect of potassium permanganate and AAm concentrations and temperature on the polymerization yield was studied and compared with results obtained under the same experimental conditions used for electrolysis. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectrometry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results are given. SEM micrographs of the polymer obtained by electrochemical methods exhibited smoother surfaces than those obtained by nonelectrolytic methods. In the absence of potassium permanganate, there was no polymerization under experimental conditions. A possible reaction mechanism is suggested. The electro-induced system resulted in about a 50% increase in the yield. Manganese content in the electro-induced and chemical polymerization systems were 2.7 and 8.2%, respectively, supporting the yield increase in the electro-induced system. A graphite electrode was used and resulted in a high yield and a fibrous polymeric structure.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro‐induced polymerization of acrylamide initiated by the potassium permanganate–titriplex VI redox system

Saraç

Soydan

Bülbül

2001

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Under electrolytic conditions and by electrogeneration of metal ion, using Ce(IV)–carboxylic acid, KMnO 4 –carboxylic acid, or Ce(IV)–EDTA redox systems, water‐soluble polyacrylamides containing the carboxylic acid end group were synthesized recently in our laboratory 13–15…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroinduced dispersion polymerization of acrylonitrile in the presence of poly(acrylic acid) and catalytic amount of CE(IV)

Saraç¹,

Ustamehmetoğlu²,

Yıldırım³

2002

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Electroinduced dispersion polymerization of acrylonitrile initiated by Ce(IV) was performed in an electrolytic cell in the presence of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). Micron-size polyacrylonitrile (PAN) particles were stabilized with PAA by electrostatic interaction or by a PAA-Ce(III)-PAN ternary complex formation. A PAA-PAN stable polymer was formed in the cathodic compartment, and the reduced initiator was reoxidized in the anode, thus allowing for the continuation of the process. A possible mechanism of polymerization is suggested.

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“…Most of the mechanisms reported in the literature propose first the formation of an intermediate Ce(IV) complex from Ce(IV) that can be subsequently dissociated into three species, leading to a radical formation on the chelated adduct and the removal of a labile hydrogen and the formation of Ce(III). For example, in Scheme 12, we illustrated such a reaction while using 2-chloroethanol as a reducing agent [120][121][122].…”

Section: Metal/reducing Agents: Ce(iv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox two-component initiated free radical and cationic polymerizations: Concepts, reactions and applications

Garra

Dietlin

Morlet‐Savary

et al. 2019

Progress in Polymer Science

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Redox polymerizations are of huge importance throughout academic and industrial polymer science. Many authors propose the reaction of reducing (Red) and oxidizing (Ox) agents to accelerate/initiate radical or cationic polymerizations. As a result of activation energies typically below 80 kJ/mol, such reactions can occur under mild conditions, e.g., at room temperature, with reduced energy consumptions and robust in applications, such as the fabrication of composites. However, a clear definition of redox polymerization can only be found in reviews dealing with redox free radical polymerizations (FRP) published twenty years ago (or more). Therefore, a fresh and broader update is provided here for more recent work. The concepts involved when the "Red" and "Ox" agents constituting the redox initiating system are mixed under mild conditions are presented, followed by a discussion of the redox FRP initiating systems in bulk. Initiating systems dealing with the redox cationic polymerization (CP) are reviewed, and parallels between conventional FRP/CP and controlled polymerizations, in which redox systems are used, is provided. Many redox agents are useful in both modes. Finally, dual-cure (redox/photochemical; redox dual FRP/CP) systems is presented and selected applications are reviewed. Altogether, the state of the art for redox two-component polymerizations is provided, along with some perspectives.

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Aqueous polymerization of acrylamide by electrolitically generated KMnO4 organic acid redox systems

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Electro‐induced polymerization of acrylamide initiated by the potassium permanganate–titriplex VI redox system

Electro‐induced polymerization of acrylamide initiated by the potassium permanganate–titriplex VI redox system

Electroinduced dispersion polymerization of acrylonitrile in the presence of poly(acrylic acid) and catalytic amount of CE(IV)

Redox two-component initiated free radical and cationic polymerizations: Concepts, reactions and applications

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