Aqueous-Phase Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid Using Formic Acid as a Sustainable Reducing Agent Over Pt Catalysts Supported on Mesoporous Zirconia

Al‐Naji, Majd; Popova, Margarita; Chen, Zhihao; Wilde, Nicole; Gläser, Roger

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b05546

Cited by 50 publications

(60 citation statements)

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“…Section 2.3). At higher reaction temperatures up to 533 K, the hydrogenation in the presence of 1.6Pt/ZrO2 also results in the formation of PA as a product of consecutive GVL hydrogenation (see also [32]). However, PA is not found in presence of the Al2O3-or AC-based catalysts at comparable reaction conditions.…”

Section: Hydrogenation Of Model Substancesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Part 2-The catalytic experiments were carried out in a 300 mL stainless steel batch reactor (Parr Instruments Company, Moline, IL, USA, reactor type 4560) [32]. The reactor was equipped with a head stirrer and temperature, pressure and stirring speed were monitored externally.…”

Section: Materials and Methods For Hydrogenation Of Model Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the experiments, described in the Sections 2.2 and 2.3, parts 2 and 3, the conversion of LA, FA, and V (X LA , X FA , and X V ) as well as the yields of GVL, pentanoic acid (PA), and 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (MMP; Y GVL , Y PA , and Y MMP ) were calculated by signal area integration, as outlined in [32].…”

Section: Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Characterization of the catalysts followed the instructions given by Al-Naji et al, 2020 [32]. The catalyst stability was investigated during a hydrogenation of LA with FA (…”

Section: Preparation and Characterization Of Solid Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Evaluation of a New Approach for a Two-Stage Hydrothermal Biomass Liquefaction Process

et al. 2020

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A new approach for biomass liquefaction was developed and evaluated in a joint research project. Focus of the project, called FEBio@H2O, lies on a two-step hydrothermal conversion. Within step 1, the input biomass is converted employing a hydrothermal degradation without added catalyst or by homogeneous catalysis. Within step 2, the hydrogen accepting products of step 1, e.g., levulinic acid (LA) are upgraded by a heterogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation with hydrogen donor substances, e.g., formic acid (FA). As a result, components with an even lower oxygen content in comparison to step 1 products are formed; as an example, γ-valerolactone (GVL) can be named. Therefore, the products are more stable and contained less oxygen as requested for a possible application as liquid fuel. As a hydrothermal process, FEBio@H2O is especially suitable for highly water-containing feedstock. The evaluation involves hydrothermal conversion tests with model substances, degradation of real biomasses, transfer hydrogenation or hydrogenation with hydrogen donor of model substances and real products of step 1, catalyst selection and further development, investigation of the influence of reactor design, the experimental test of the whole process chain, and process assessment.

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Section: Hydrogenation Of Model Substancesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Materials and Methods For Hydrogenation Of Model Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Characterization of the catalysts followed the instructions given by Al-Naji et al, 2020 [32]. The catalyst stability was investigated during a hydrogenation of LA with FA (…”

Section: Preparation and Characterization Of Solid Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Evaluation of a New Approach for a Two-Stage Hydrothermal Biomass Liquefaction Process

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“…sugars, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) and levulinic acid (LA). [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Among these is DMF which is produced simply by the catalytic hydrogenation of HMF. 1,15 DMF is not only a highquality biofuel, but can be used as a precursor for the synthesis of a high value platform chemical, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

p-Xylene from 2,5-dimethylfuran and acrylic acid using zeolite in a continuous flow system

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Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs) as H‐Source for Bio‐Derived Fuels and Additives Production

Valentini

Marrocchi

Vaccaro

2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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consumption combined with a resource efficient circular economy approach, with the final goal of minimizing the impact of health, safety, security and environment.In the design of a greener future, the replacement of depleting sources with renewable ones is at the center of a sustainable development. [2] Biomass is a natural, abundant, renewable, carbon-neutral source; its use represents a promising strategy to address the need for substituting fossil feedstock in the preparation of chemicals, fuels, and materials, besides energy production. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The major issues that limit the large-scale utilization of biomass in fuel production are the differences in cost and process efficiencies compared to those for fossil fuels. [15] After the Covid-19 crisis, this aspect has become even more evident, as reported by the International Agency of Energy, ultimately causing the first contraction in biofuel production over the past two decades. [16] The reduced transport fuel demand and the decreased petroleum-based fuel prices have transitorily lowered the economic interest for biofuel production. In this pandemic and emergency scenario, therefore, has emerged even more clearly the importance of developing efficient strategies for biomass conversion into fuels, making economically attractive the use of environmentally friendly renewable energy systems (Figure 1). [17] Among the plethora of biomass transformations, hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation reactions are widely used for decreasing the oxygen content of biomass-derived platforms to increase their potential as fuels. [18][19][20] In this context, as well as in the challenging goal of creating a decarbonized energy system, hydrogen plays a prominent role in the chemical industry. [21][22][23][24] It is important to notice that the vast majority of the worldwide hydrogen production (45-65 Mt/year) features a significant CO 2 footprint as a consequence of different hydrocarbon reforming processes (i.e., steam-reforming of fossil fuels, thermal cracking of natural gas, solar-thermal reforming of methane) or of coal gasification. [25] Several efforts have been directed during the past years toward the definition of possible effective approaches to a green H 2 production by water splitting. [26][27][28][29][30][31] To date, however, both water electrolysis and photo-driven water splitting are economically and energetically unfavorable, with a long way ahead to hold the promise of a zero-carbon energy system. Indeed, the associated energy demand as well as the low market prices of oxygen, inevitably co-produced from water electrolysis, hinder the shaping of a large-scale employment of this technology.Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) are attractive materials for their ability to generate in situ hydrogen that may be directly used to produce target biofuel precursors, fuels or fuel additives. Indeed, the replacement of fossil feedstock is an urgent necessity for shifting toward a carbon neutral energy economy. Several desired chemica...

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Aqueous-Phase Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid Using Formic Acid as a Sustainable Reducing Agent Over Pt Catalysts Supported on Mesoporous Zirconia

Cited by 50 publications

References 56 publications

Experimental Evaluation of a New Approach for a Two-Stage Hydrothermal Biomass Liquefaction Process

Experimental Evaluation of a New Approach for a Two-Stage Hydrothermal Biomass Liquefaction Process

p-Xylene from 2,5-dimethylfuran and acrylic acid using zeolite in a continuous flow system

Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs) as H‐Source for Bio‐Derived Fuels and Additives Production

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