Aqueous Terminalia arjuna extract modulates expression of key atherosclerosis‐related proteins in a hypercholesterolemic rabbit: A proteomic‐based study

Abstract

Strong hypolipidemic effects of aqTAE and attenuation of these signature atherogenic biomarkers using proteomics highlights the fact that aqTAE may be useful in the prevention and management of atherosclerosis.

Searching for Atherosclerosis Biomarkers by Proteomics: A Focus on Lesion Pathogenesis and Vulnerability

“…The more complicated the lesion, the higher the number of secreted proteins, suggesting the production of specific proteins relating to the complexity of the atherosclerotic lesion [175] Secretome from 35…”

“…In addition, platelets, which are known to be key modulators of inflammation and immune response [26,27], as well as the primary target for the prevention of arterial thrombus formation, have been investigated through different -omics approaches including proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and translatomics, as recently described by Gutmann et al [28]. Besides this, proteomics has been applied to animal models such as apo E knock-out mice [29][30][31][32], rabbits [33][34][35], and pigs [36,37] to unveil significant insights into the molecular mechanisms influencing atherogenesis. Although in its infancy, further support in the search for additional markers of atherogenesis and plaque degeneration has been provided by lipidomics of plasma/lipoprotein fractions [38][39][40], as well as of atherosclerotic tissues [41,42].…”

Dyslipidemia and its concept in Unani medicine: A review

“…They can act as Islah-e-Jigar (Hepatoprotective), Muhallil-e-Auram (Anti-inflammatory), Mudirr-e-Baul (Diuretic) and Antioxidant. They can also balance the Akhlat (Humors), such as Badyan (Foeniculm vulgare) [37] , Bikh Ajmod (Apium graveolens) [38] , Gudmar Booti (Gymnema sylvestre) [39] , Halela (Terminalia chebula) [40,41] , Lehsun (Allium sativum) [42,43] , Kaloonji (Nigella Sativa) [42] , Luk Maghsul (Laccifer lacca) [43] , Methi (Trigonella foenum-graecum) [44] , Sandrus (Trachelobium hornemanianum), Saad kofi (Cyperus rotundus), Soya (Anethum sowa) [45] , Sumbuluttib (Valeriana officinalis), Tukhme Karafs (Apium graveolens) [46] and Tukhme Suddab (Ruta graveolens) [47] Kasni (Cichorium intybus) [47] , Maku (Solanum nigrum) [48] , Afsanteen (Artemisia absinthium) [49] , Muquil (Commiphora mukul) [50] , Chhal Arjun (Terminalia arjuna) [51] , Badranjboya (Mellisa officinalis) [52] , Abresham (Bombyx mori) [53] , which have been reported as having antihyperlipidemic activity. Various Unani formulation have been used by physicians, based on their clinical experiences, to manage dyslipidemia and Farbahi such as Safoof Kalonji [54] , Habbe Sundarus [35] , Qurs Luk [55] , Itriphal Sagheer [56] , Majoon Sheer Alvi Khan [57] and Safoof Muhazzil [58,59] .…”

“…Unani medicine uses folkloric medicine to provide a comprehensive array of treatments for this disease. Several single drugs have been shown to have anti-dyslipidemic properties, like Muquil (Commiphora mukul) [50] , Chhal Arjun (Terminalia arjuna) [51] , Badranjboya (Mellisa officinalis) [52] , Abresham (Bombyx mori) [53] , Tukhm Methi (Trigonella foenum-graecum) [44] Garlic (Allium sativum) [44,45] , Halela Zard (Terminalia chebula) [40,41] , Balela (Terminalia bellerica) [61] , Amla (Emblica officinalis) [62] , Chaube Zard (Curcuma longa) [63] , Tukhm Kalonji (Nigella sativa) [42] , Gurmar Booti (Gymnemma sylvestere) [39] , Post Anar (Punica granatum) [64] , Zeera (Carum carvi) [65] , Badiyan (Foeniculm vulgare) [37] , Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) [66] etc. It is important to note that Su-e-Mizaj Barid Maddi encompasses several clusters of disease categories recognised in current medical practise; however, all of the signs referred to in Unani medicine for Su-e-Mizaj Barid Maddi are also present in Dyslipidemia.…”

Heat shock protein 60 and cardiovascular diseases: An intricate love‐hate story

“…Molecules that modulate HSP60 at protein expression levels have also been reported and mainly include compounds from plants such as the aqueous extract of the tree Terminalia arjuna 180 ; oxymatrine from the chinese herb Sophora flavescens, 181 , 182 , 183 , 184 and; β‐caryophyllene, found in essential oils of various plants such as cinnamon, basil, cloves, and black pepper. 185 Molecular biology constructs such as siRNA have also been developed and have proven to be successful in decreasing HSP60's activity.…”