Aqueous garlic extract improves renal clearance via vasodilatory/antioxidant mechanisms and mitigated proteinuria via stabilization of glomerular filtration barrier

Abstract

Background: Lead (Pb) remains an apparently indispensable material in several industrial processes. It is a potent environmental toxin with associated deleterious biological effects. The study investigated the effects of aqueous garlic extract (AGE) on renal clearance and proteinuria in Wistar rats with Pb-induced kidney injury.Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into six groups of five rats each such that exposure to Pb (35 mg/kg i.p) for 10 consecutive days was either followed by 30 days recovery period (without treatment) or 30 days post-treatment with oral graded doses of AGE at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg while comparisons where made against a control (2 ml/kg NORMAL SALINE) at p < 0.05. The phytochemical constituents of the extract were determined using conventional standard protocols before administration to the rats.Results: Pb toxicity induced deleterious alterations of renal function biomarkers (creatinine, urea and total protein) in the plasma and urine, indicators of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation (GSH, SOD, CAT and TBARS) in the kidney tissues as well as significantly lowered plasma and kidney NO level (p < 0.05) of the rats. It also significantly lowered creatinine clearance and fractional excretion of urea while urine total protein-creatinine ratio was significantly increased in the rats. Kidney histology showed evidence of Pb-induced glomerular atrophy with tubular and interstitial vacuolation. However, AGE administration was associated with significant normalization of the aforementioned biochemical parameters (p < 0.05) as well as kidney histoarchitectural improvement. The pharmacological effects of AGE were attributed to its determined phytochemical constituents. Conclusion: AGE normalized renal clearance through vasodilatory and antioxidant mechanisms with associated mitigation of proteinuria through stabilization of glomerular filtration barrier.

Curcuma longa normalized cimetidine‐induced pituitary‐testicular dysfunction: Relevance in nutraceutical therapy

“…Even today, traditional medicine is a mainstay of primary health care in underdeveloped and developing countries . Natural and herbal products from some plants are still very relevant in folk medicine for pharmaceutical formulations either as pure compounds or as extracts .…”

“…Plant‐derived medicines are relatively cheap and readily available compared with their synthetic alternatives. They are also an important source of drug discovery and can inspire novel drug development …”

Ameliorative Potential of Clerodendrum volubile Ethanol Leaf Extract on Doxorubicin-Induced Hepatorenal Toxicities in Rats

“…The blood samples were allowed to clot and then centrifuged at 5000 rpm to obtain separate clear sera for serum renal function parameters (Na + , K + , HCO3 -, Cl -, BUN and creatinine) and were assayed for according to the method described by Imafidon et al (2019). Hepatic function parameters (AST, ALT, ALP, lipids, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin and conjugated bilirubin) were assayed using methods described by Afsar et al (2019).…”