Aqueous extract of walnut (Juglans regia L.) protects mice against cyclophosphamideinduced biochemical toxicity

Abstract

<jats:p> Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is extensively used in traditional systems of medicine for treatment of various ailments. It is described as an anticancer, tonic, blood purifier and detoxifier agent. The present study was undertaken to investigate modulatory effects of walnut extract on the toxicity of an anticancer drug, cyclophosphamide (CP) with special reference to protection against disruption of drug metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes. Plant extract+CP group animals showed restoration in the level of cytochrome P450 (CYP) content and in the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GP) and catalase (CAT) in both liver and kidneys. But plant extract restored the activity of super oxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the kidneys only when compared with CP-treated animals. Plant extract treatment alone caused significant reduction in the content of CYP in the kidneys mainly. The extract showed a significant increase in the level of GSH and in the activities of GP in both the tissues and CAT in liver only, whereas no significant change was observed in the activities of GST and SOD. CP treatment resulted in a significant (P&lt;0.01) increase in the lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the liver and kidneys compared with controls, while the extract CP treated group showed a significant decrease in the LPO in liver and kidneys when compared with the CP-treated group. The study shows that the use of J. regia extract might be helpful in abrogation of CP toxicity during the chemotherapy. </jats:p>

Protective Role of Daidzein Against Cyclophosphamide Induced Nephrotoxicity in Experimental Rats

“…In recent studies, flavonoids gained a pivot importance in ameliorating the toxicities produced by CPA and other antineoplastic agents [4,19]. Daidzein is an isoflavonoid, showed its efficacy in heart disorders, inflammation, atheroscleorosis, osteoporosis, free radical scavenging, diabetes, as antiestrogenic and cancers like breast, lung and prostate cancers [8,20].…”

“…The depletion in GSH content in renal tissues after CPA therapy is due to the toxic metabolite acrolein. Acrolein binds GSH in the plasma membrane and disrupts antioxidant defense system and elevates the ROS and leads to the necrosis of the tubular cells of kidney [1,4,17]. The pre-treatment of daidzein successfully prevent the increased LPO and GSH content induced by CPA.…”

“…CPA is effective against lymphoma, leukemia, breast, lung, prostate, myeloma and ovarian cancers and non-malignant disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and vasculitis [1,3]. The usage of CPA is severely limited because of its widespread physiological adverse effects such as hepatic injury, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, myelosuppression, immunotoxicity, urotoxicity, lung injury, mutagenicity, teratogenicity and other side effects like nausea, vomiting and alopecia [4]. It has been already proved that elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by CPA in renal tissues play a pivot role in the pathogenesis of CPA-induced nephrotoxicity [1].…”

“…These are considered potent chemo preventive molecules because of their hydrogen donating and metal chelating capacities. Recent studies demonstrated that anticancer drugs in combination with detoxifying agents, flavonoids such as morin, rutin, hespiridin, genistein etc, and protective agents reduces the toxicities induced by cancer chemotherapy [4,5].…”

Do diosgenin ameliorate urinary bladder toxic effect of cyclophosphamide and buthionine sulfoximine in experimental animal models?

“…GSH content was measured in the PMS of urinary bladder using the method of Haque et al (2003). PMS (1ml) was precipitated with 1ml of 4% sulfosalicylic acid (Amresco).…”