Aqueous Extract of Tournefortia sarmentosa Stem Inhibits ADP-induced Platelet Aggregation

Abstract

Tournefortia sarmentosa Lam. (Boraginaceae) is a Chinese herbal medicine with antioxidant activities, detoxicating qualities and antiinflammatory uses [1-3]. Numerous pharmacological observations have shown therapeutic effects. Lin et al. revealed that isolated components from the stems of T. sarmentosa decreased Cu 2+-induced low-density-lipoprotein oxidation [1]. Teng et al. investigated the hepatotoxicity effects of T. sarmentosa stem extract and found that it reduced elevated levels of liver function markers, including serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). It also reduced levels of inflammatory markers, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in acetaminophen-intoxicated rats [2]. However, some results measured the inflammatory cytokine expression in cells treated with T. sarmentosa stem extract are contradictory. For example, extracts of T. sarmentosa enhanced the release of cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α [4] and increased phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils [4-5]. Various pharmacologically active compounds from aqueous stem extract of T. sarmentosa have been identified [3] and these components play roles in immune or detoxification regulation. For example, salvianolic acid A, isosalvianolic acid C, and rosmarinic acid exhibited roles in reducing reactive oxygen species activity [1]. Caffeic acid increased the phagocytic ability of macrophages and neutrophils by increasing phosphorylated p38 MAPK or AKT, respectively [4-5]. Salvianolic acid inhibited phagocytic ability of macrophages by suppressing lipopolysaccharideinduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation [4]. These results

Evaluation of the hemostatic activity of Equisetum arvense extract: the role of varying phenolic composition and antioxidant activity due to different extraction conditions

“…In accordance with those findings reported in literature caffeic acid or its derivatives can be strong candidates for their observed effects on blood coagulation. Our findings were also in accordance with those reported in the literature [25][26][27][28][29][30]. The extracts with relatively high caffeic acid and other phenolic acids contents acted as an anti-coagulant substance.…”