Aqueous enzymatic oil extraction from Irvingia gabonensis seed kernels

Abstract

The objective of this study was to extract the fat from Irvingia gabonensis kernels without using organic solvent but by using the enzyme aqueous oil extraction process. The aqueous dispersion of kernel flour of bush mango was treated with a protease (Alcalase ® ), a pectinase (Pectinex ® ) and a mixture of cell walldegrading enzymes (Viscozyme ® ) before centrifugation. The yield of oil extracted was calculated in comparison with the chemical extraction method using hexane as solvent. A central composite experimental design was used for the determination of optimized conditions. The results showed that aqueous extraction without enzyme allows recovering 27.4% of the kernel oil. When Alcalase, Pectinex and Viscozyme were added separately, the oil yields were 35.0, 42.2 and 68.0%, respectively. Optimized conditions for Viscozyme resulted in a model of oil yield with a high coefficient of determination (r 2 = 0.94). These conditions were the following: kernel-to-water ratio 0.11-0.19, concentration of enzyme 1.4-2.0%, and time of incubation 14-18 h. Confirmation of the model led to 83.0% oil yield after treatment of the kernel flour at a kernel-to-water ratio of 0.16, using 2% Viscozyme for 18 h. Under the same conditions, followed by addition of 1% Alcalase for 2 h, the yield was 90.0%.

Enzyme‐assisted aqueous extraction of safflower oil: optimisation by response surface methodology

“…Alcalase 2.5L is a highly active protease produced from a selected strain of Bacillus licheniformis microorganisms with a declared proteolytic activity of 2.5 AU‐A g −1 (Anson Units per gram). The optimum conditions for alcalase are temperatures between 55 and 70 °C, depending on type of substrate, and pH 6.5–8.5 (Womeni et al. , 2008).…”

“…RSM has been successfully utilised to optimise the enzymatic process for extracting oil from Kalahari melon seeds, Irvingia gabonensins and sunflower seeds (Sineiro et al. , 1998; Womeni et al. , 2008; Nyam, 2009).…”

“…RSM is mainly used to develop, improve and optimise the processes. RSM has been successfully utilised to optimise the enzymatic process for extracting oil from Kalahari melon seeds, Irvingia gabonensins and sunflower seeds (Sineiro et al, 1998;Womeni et al, 2008;Nyam, 2009). Responses (results) at certain experimental points are used for regression analysis to predict a graphical equation of the response in terms of independent variables.…”

Response surface optimisation of aqueous enzymatic oil extraction from bayberry (Myrica rubra) kernels

“…However, it comprises the use of flammable menstruums that present safety attentions and leads to volatilisation of organic solvents, high running costs, and undesirable influences on the quality of the food (Latif, Diosady, & Anwar, 2008;Womeni et al, 2008). It is generally known that these extraction restrictions can be conquer by the aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) method, which is thought to be environmentally-friendly, cheap and safe (Latif & Anwar, 2009;Latif & Anwar, 2011;Rui, Zhang, Li, & Pan, 2009).…”

A Novel Extraction Method and Some Physicochemical Properties of Extractives of Irvingia Gabonensis Seeds

“…[44] On the other hand, the polymeric component of the seed has been extracted from aqueous dispersion using petroleum ether[22] or diethyl ether. [45] None of the extraction processes described in the literature provided for simultaneous extraction of the lipid and polymer component, which are of interest to pharmaceutical scientists.…”