Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Buriti (Mauritia Flexuosa) Oil: Yield and Antioxidant Compounds

Abstract

Introduction:Enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction is considered an emerging green technique that has been applied to different oilseeds. Objective:This study aimed to study the enzymatic aqueous extraction process of buriti oil using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) combined with the response surface methodology aiming to obtain higher yield and antioxidant compounds in the oil. Methods:The study was carried out in two steps. The first assessed the efficiency of different enzymes (cellulase, pectinase, and protease) and the variables of greater influence in the extraction process, being conducted for each enzyme a CCRD design. The second step was carried out with the enzyme that showed the best performance on the extraction yield, changing the experimental bands of the variables that had greater significance in the first step, with the goal of broadening the spectrum of study. Were also evaluated in this step, total carotenoids, total phenolic compounds, and the antioxidant capacity of the oils extracted. Results:In the first experiment, cellulase gave the highest yield, while the most significant variables were temperature and time. For the second design, performed with cellulase, were defined as optimal operating conditions at 55 °C temperature, 2% enzyme concentration and 6 hours extraction. For these conditions, the yield obtained was 76.5%, with total carotenoid concentration of 3,119.5 µg β-carotene.g -1 . Analysis of variance was performed and showed the significance of the regression and non-significance of the lack-of-fit (p<0.05). The coefficients of determination of the yield and carotenoid content were 95.6% and 94.5%, respectively. The highest value of total phenolic compounds determined for buriti oil in this study was 254 ± 5 µg GAE.g -1 oil, while for the antioxidant capacity was 218.0 ± 0.3 µmol Trolox.g -1 oil. Conclusion:The enzymatic aqueous extraction process is viable for buriti oil and produced oils with high concentrations of antioxidant compounds.

Characterization of inajá (Maximiliana maripa) pulp oil obtained by enzymatic extraction

“…A higher pectinase enzyme concentration allows greater interaction with the substrate, thus favoring more cell wall degradation and disruption of the peptide bonds in proteins (Kumar et al, 2017). Similar results were noted by Silva et al (2019) when studying buriti oil extraction.…”

“…After selecting the pre-treatment to be used in the inaj a pulp, preliminary extraction tests were carried out to select the enzyme (from cellulase, pectinase, or protease) using the experimental conditions chosen based on a previous study with Amazonian oilseeds (Silva et al, 2019) and adapted for inaj a pulp. In this step, the selection of the enzyme to be used was performed based on the result of the oil extraction efficiency and the concentration of β-carotene in the oil.…”

“…Previous works have reported several conventional and unconventional methods of extraction to obtain vegetable oils, among which the organic solvent extraction is the one that is most commonly used (Barbi et al, 2019; Barbi et al, 2020). Furthermore, studies have been conducted in order to research on new, less aggressive oil extraction techniques, such as supercritical fluid extraction, aqueous extraction, ultrasound‐assisted aqueous extraction, and enzyme‐assisted extraction (Kumar et al, 2017; Silva et al, 2019), the latter of which is a nontoxic process that does not generate residues and allows the generation of bioproducts that can be used as ingredients in the food and cosmetics industry (Chen et al, 2016; Silva et al, 2019).…”

Enzyme extraction of cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum S.) fat sedes

“…In addition to the enzyme, parameters such as pH, temperature, particle size and agitation can contribute to the extraction efficiency. Several researchers have used the enzymatic extraction process to obtain oils and fats in various vegetable matrices (Silva et al, 2019). In some of these studies they obtained oil efficiency greater than 80% (Teixeira et al, 2013;Hu et al, 2019).…”