Aqueous Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of Self-Assembled Double-Walled Tubular J-Aggregates of Amphiphilic Cyanine Dyes

Abstract

This study investigates superradiant organic dye J-aggregates as a potential new class of aqueous luminophores for electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL). Simultaneous cyclic voltammograms (CVs) and ECL transients are obtained from the self-assembled double-walled tubular J-aggregates formed from the amphiphilic cyanine dye 3,3 0 -bis(2-sulfopropyl)-5,5 0 ,6,6 0 -tetrachloro-1,1 0 -dioctylbenzimidacarbocyanine (C8S3) immobilized on glassy carbon electrodes in the presence of the oxidative-reductive coreactant 2-(dibutylamino)ethanol (DBAE). ECL is produced by both the direct oxidation of DBAE at the electrode and the catalytic oxidation of DBAE by the C8S3 J-aggregates. Optimization studies of the DBAE concentration and pH of the electrolyte show the most intense ECL signal was obtained with ∼17 mM DBAE as coreactant (saturated solution in 1 M KNO 3 ) at pH 12.85, an effect of DBAE solubility and pK a . The overlaid ECL spectrum and the fluorescence spectrum were in good agreement, confirming that the ECL emission is associated with the singlet exciton delocalized on the tubular C8S3 J-aggregates. Amphiphilic J-aggregates are promising new systems for ECL applications because of their unique characteristics such as accessible redox chemistry in the aqueous potential window, increased fluorescence emission, and narrow emission lines.

NIR electrochemical fluorescence switching from polymethine dyes

“…In fact, this process is similar to the mechanism of electrochemical luminescence, where the collision between Dyec 2+ and Dyec is used to generate luminescence. 39,44,45 Furthermore, the electrochemical luminescence property of a polymethine derivative was demonstrated in the previous report. 39 Therefore, this could be a reasonable explanation for the secondary uorescence recovery.…”

“…39,44,45 Furthermore, the electrochemical luminescence property of a polymethine derivative was demonstrated in the previous report. 39 Therefore, this could be a reasonable explanation for the secondary uorescence recovery.…”

“…However, the radical dication is known to be irreversibly generated since it undergoes decomposition reactions such as dimerization, 35,36 and dehydrogenation. 38,39 These decomposition reaction could be partially inhibited in PM1 due to the electronic stabilization by the extended conjugation, and by steric hindrance. 36,40,41 To minimize such decomposition process, it is necessary to apply potentials within the reversible electrochemical switching range, as described below.…”

Strong anodic electrochemiluminescence from dissolved oxygen with 2-(dibutylamino) ethanol for glucose oxidase assay

“…15,16 In addition, DBAE has also acted as the coreactant for other luminophores, such as superradiant organic dye J-aggregates and quantum dots. [17][18][19] Glucose oxidase (GOD) is a avin enzyme that was rst discovered by Muller (1928) in Aspergillus nigerextracts. 20,21 This enzyme has gained wide application in several industries such as food preservative and color stabilizer, 22 the production of gluconic acid and the textile industry.…”

Measuring nanoparticle-induced resonance energy transfer effect by electrogenerated chemiluminescent reactions

“…In the rst step, an electrode originates species that in successive paths will give rise to high-energy electron-transfer reactions in solution, which in turn will produce one or two species in their excited state. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Aer about 50-60 years of study, ECL has proven to be a useful research tool in a wide variety of areas. [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] Indeed, there are studies in which the increase in ECL due to the coupling between plasmons and dyes is applied to the detection of different species.…”