Aqueous ammonium fluoride solutions: Dielectric and structural parameters

Synthesis of ordered arrays of discrete, partially crystalline titania nanotubes by Ti anodization using diethylene glycol electrolytes

“…The weaker surface charge of the larger cation results in less interaction between cation and anion, and is thus more favorable for ionic transport during anodization and hence rapid tube growth. 28 Furthermore, in comparison to H + and NH 4 + chemical etching is lower with the Bu 4 N + cation due to the comparatively lower ability of Bu 4 N + to donate a proton for etching. 23 The larger Bu 4 N + cation clearly affects the tube-to-tube spacing, resulting in a tightly packed tube morphology, see Fig.…”

“…High viscosities slow ion migration in the electrolyte due to more ion-ion interactions. [28][29][30] In situ crystallization during synthesis As-synthesized nanotube arrays are commonly amorphous. As expected, nanotubes synthesized in DEG containing HF and Bu 4 NF electrolytes resulted in amorphous nanotube array films.…”

Dielectric Relaxation of Water in Hydration Shells of Ions

“…The dielectric permittivities for the 46 aqueous electrolyte solutions were measured over the frequency range (7 to 25 or 7 to 120) GHz and over the temperature interval (283 to 313 or 288 to 308) K. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Our earlier and new results are reported in this paper. For the frequency range (7 to 25) GHz (centimeter wavelengths), we used the method of a thin cylindrical rod in a waveguide.…”