Aquatic toxicological aspects of dithiocarbamates and related compounds. II. Effects on survival, reproduction and growth of Daphnia magna

Leeuwen, Cornelis van; Moberts, F.; Niebeek, G.

doi:10.1016/s0166-445x(85)80003-5

Cited by 41 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The r was calculated using successive approximations of the formula of Lotka (1913): ∑l x ⅐ m x ⅐ e −r⅐x ‫ס‬ 1, where l x is the proportion of individuals surviving to age x, m x is the agespecific fecundity (number of females produced per surviving female at age x), and x is days. As r calculated after 21 days is indistinguishable from r estimated for the entire life span, due to the great importance of early reproduction (Van Leeuwen et al, 1985), all calculations were based on 21-day experiments.…”

Section: Algal Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic Toxicity of Fenitrothion to an Algae (Nannochloris oculata), a Rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus), and the Cladoceran (Daphnia magna)

Ferrando

Sancho

Andreu-Moliner

1996

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Section: Algal Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The r integrates the measures of age-specific survival and fecundity to estimate the effect of toxicant exposures on population growth, which increases the ecological relevance of the results (Van Leeuwen et al, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Toxicity of Fenitrothion to an Algae (Nannochloris oculata), a Rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus), and the Cladoceran (Daphnia magna)

Ferrando

Sancho

Andreu-Moliner

1996

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…An evaluation based entirely on survival data from table 2 would classify the dithiocarbamate fungicides as harmless. Toxicity of dithiocarbamates has also been shown to a range of aquatic organisms by van Leeuwen et al, (1985a), who also reported effects on the reproduction of daphnids at lower concentrations than effects on survival (van Leeuwen et al, 1985b).…”

Section: Tests Of 37 Fungicidesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effects of 37 fungicides on the rove beetleAleochara bilineata (Col.: Staphylinidae) in the laboratory

Samsøe-Petersen¹

1995

Entomophaga

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Effects of 37 fungicides --several of which were mixtures --on adult females of the rove beetle, Aleochara bilineata, were investigated in the laboratory. The pesticides were tested in concentrations equivalent to the highest recommended dosages for practical use. Mortality, egg production and hatch of the eggs were recorded.Most fungicides had no serious effect on any of the parameters measured. Among the morpholine and dithiocarbamate fungicides, several had adverse effects on egg production and/or hatch of the eggs laid. Furthermore, chinomethionate and pyrazophos were found to be toxic at the dosages used. Results are compared to results obtained with other species of beneficial arthropods in the laboratory. The importance of including several species in the assessment of pesticide side effects as well as the importance of measuring sublethal effects are stressed. KEY-WORDS: Side effects, pesticides, beneficial arthropods, Aleochara bilineata, Staphylinidae, Coleoptera, fungicides, laboratory test method.Samsce-Petersen (1993) discussed the need for information about side effects of pesticides on natural enemies of pests and described the co-operation within the IOBC Working Group "Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms" as well as the joint pesticide testing programmes performed by this group. Six of these programmes have now been completed, with results of the latest summarised by Hassan et al. (1994).The standardised laboratory test for the rove beetle Aleochara bilineata (Gyll.) (SamsOePetersen, 1987) was used over a period of eight years , and 149 pesticides were tested. In the present paper, the method is briefly described and results of tests with 37 fungicides are presented and discussed. Some of the results have been published earlier by SamsCe-Petersen (1987), with a detailed description of the test and documentation of its reproducibility. Others were published by Hassan et al. (e.g. 1994) but only as belonging to one of four evaluation categories. Of the remaining results, those concerning insecticides and herbicides were published recently (SamsOe-Petersen, 1993& 1995, and the results from tests with fungicides are collected in this paper. Several formulated products were tested for chemical companies on a contractual basis and as the author has not obtained permission to publish the trade names of these, they are identified by code numbers.(~) Present address:

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“…Em dois estudos envolvendo testes de toxicidade com as espécies dulcícolas Chlorella pyrenoidosa (clorofícea), Daphnia magna (microcurstáceo) e Oncorhyncus mykiss (peixe), os valores obtidos foram de 1.000 µg/L (CE 50 96 h), 210 µg/L (CL 50 48 h) e 0,64 µg/L (CE 50 60 dias), respectivamente (Tabela 3). 68,69 Adicionalmente, vários trabalhos têm atestado as propriedades teratogênicas e mutagênicas do Tiram e de outros ditiocarbamatos. Entre as alterações subletais mais frequentemente induzidas por esse composto encontram-se as distorções na notocorda de embriões de peixes.…”

Section: Tiramunclassified

Tintas anti-incrustantes de terceira geração: novos biocidas no ambiente aquático

2011

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Recebido em 7/6/10; aceito em 11/1/11; publicado na web em 1/4/11 THIRD GENERATION ANTIFOULING PAINTS: NEW BIOCIDES IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT. Antifouling agents have been used on vessels and boats since ancient civilizations. Thus, a brief history on the three generations of antifouling paints was provided in the present review. Additionally, information about physic-chemical properties, environmental levels, toxicology and analytical methods was discussed for the 16 "new" booster biocides used as third-generation antifouling paints. The main problems, limitations and future trends related to this subject were also presented. Finally, actions were suggested in order to appraise the current status of the environmental impact caused by these compounds in South America.Keywords: antifouling; paint; booster biocides. INTRODUÇÃODentre os diversos grupos de contaminantes orgânicos potencialmente danosos a ecossistemas aquáticos, despontaram nos últimos anos os biocidas utilizados como princípio ativo de tintas antiincrustantes. Essas tintas são aplicadas como sistemas de proteção, com a finalidade de combater a formação e o estabelecimento de comunidades bioincrustantes (fouling) sobre superfícies expostas à água. Usualmente, tintas anti-incrustantes são aplicadas em embarcações comerciais e de passeio, plataformas petrolíferas, tubulações submarinas, comportas de represas, tanques destinados à aquicultura, dentre outras estruturas. 1Dentre as aplicações mencionadas para as referidas tintas, a utilização como revestimento protetor em embarcações tem sido apontada por muitos autores como a mais impactante para o ambiente, devido ao seu caráter altamente difundido em zonas costeiras.2 Segundo Kotrikla, 3 o emprego de sistemas anti-incrustantes em embarcações é justificado pelos seguintes motivos: o aumento da fricção entre o casco e a água, demanda uma maior potência dos motores e, consequentemente, gera um aumento no consumo de combustível; aumento da frequência de docagens, gerando um incremento de custos e de resíduos gerados; aumento das taxas de corrosão e, introdução não intencional de espécies exóticas em ambientes aquáticos.O primeiro registro de uso de sistemas anti-incrustantes data de 2 mil anos atrás, quando os cascos de madeira eram revestidos com chumbo e "untados" com misturas de óleo de baleia, enxofre e arsênio. Em 1625, uma receita letal combinando arsênio, cobre e goma em pó foi patenteada como agente anti-incrustante por Wilian Beale, na Inglaterra. A utilização de sistemas anti-incrustantes incorporados às tintas passou a ser comum, e cada vez mais frequente, na medida em que os cascos de madeira das embarcações foram substituídos por cascos metálicos, fato ocorrido em meados do século XVIII. A partir de então, a navegação comercial e o uso de embarcações de lazer se tornaram cada vez mais populares, aportando aos ambientes aquáticos quantidades cada vez maiores de biocidas utilizados em tintas anti-incrustantes. 1Em meados do século XX, os óxidos de cobre e de zinco foram os primeiros biocidas ut...

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Aquatic toxicological aspects of dithiocarbamates and related compounds. II. Effects on survival, reproduction and growth of Daphnia magna

Cited by 41 publications

References 9 publications

Chronic Toxicity of Fenitrothion to an Algae (Nannochloris oculata), a Rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus), and the Cladoceran (Daphnia magna)

Chronic Toxicity of Fenitrothion to an Algae (Nannochloris oculata), a Rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus), and the Cladoceran (Daphnia magna)

Effects of 37 fungicides on the rove beetleAleochara bilineata (Col.: Staphylinidae) in the laboratory

Tintas anti-incrustantes de terceira geração: novos biocidas no ambiente aquático

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