Aquatic toxicity and loss of linear alkylbenzenesulfonates alone and in a neonicotinoid insecticide formulation in surface water

Mörtl, Mária; Takács, Eszter; Klátyik, Szandra; Székacs, András

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.211

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…acute immobilization test) [66] demonstrated the unexpected toxicity of assumedly inert formulating agents of PPPs. Significant differences were found in the toxicity of the neonicotinoid AIs and their formulations tested [58,67]. The individual toxicity of AIs TCL and TMX were 2.4 and 1.9 times higher than their formulations investigated, respectively, while the toxicity of CLO and ACE was significantly higher in the presence of the additives used in their PPPs.…”

Section: Toxicity Of Neonicotinoid Active Ingredients and Formulationmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The presence of certain neonicotinoids was found to influence the loss of linear alkylbenzensulfonates (LASs), and loss rates were found to depend also on the aqueous matrix (distilled water or surface water collected from Danube River). LASs are widely used surfactants, e.g., as formulating agents of Mospilan [58]. Loss of LAS homologues (alone and in the presence of Mospilan 20 SG, containing ACE and LASs as well) was determined in two aqueous matrices.…”

Section: The Presence Of Neonicotinoids In Surface Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neonicotinoids: Spreading, Translocation and Aquatic Toxicity

Mörtl

Vehovszky

Klátyik

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Various environmental and ecotoxicological aspects related to applications of neonicotinoid insecticides are assessed. Dosages of neonicotinoids applied in seed coating materials were determined and are compared to other applications (spray and granule). Environmental levels in soils and affecting factors in translocation are discussed. Excretion of neonicotinoids via guttation from coated maize seeds up to two months upon emergence, as well as cross-contamination of plants emerged from non-coated seeds or weeds nearby have been demonstrated. Contamination of surface waters is discussed in scope of a worldwide review and the environmental fate of the neonicotinoid active ingredients and the formulating surfactant appeared to be mutually affected by each other. Toxicity of neonicotinoid active ingredients and formulations on Daphnia magna completed with some investigations of activity of the detoxifying glutathione S-transferase enzyme demonstrated the modified toxicity due to the formulating agents. Electrophysiological results on identified central neurons of the terrestrial snail Helix pomatia showed acetylcholine antagonist (inhibitory) effects of neonicotinoid insecticide products, but no agonist (ACh-like) effects were recorded. These data also suggested different molecular targets (nicotinergic acetylcholine receptors and acetylcholine esterase enzyme) of neonicotinoids in the snail central nervous system.Before the approval of neonicotinoids in seed treatment, numerous insect pests were controlled with the use of in-furrow granular insecticides. Seed coating is regarded as a precise delivery method of pesticides, which is therefore more effective compared to other plant protection product (PPP) applications (e.g., spraying). Neonicotinoids persist long enough to provide an effective control on a broad spectrum of insects, which led to their increased adoption by growers. As for maize, an estimated annual average of 45% and 25% of the total crop cultivation in the US was treated with CLO and TMX, respectively (with annual maxima of 65% for CLO and 45% for TMX in any given year) [16], and corresponding average proportion of the use of seeds coated with CLO or TMX are 46%, 33%, 24% and 18% for sugar beet, cotton, sorghum and soybean, respectively [16]. In accordance with these maximum rates, nearly 100% of maize in the US and canola in Canada is cultivated from seeds coated with neonicotinoids [17] and often fungicides as well.One of the first signs of the environmental problem caused by neonicotinoids was detected in Germany in the spring 2008, when abrasion of active substance from treated seeds during sowing of maize led to mass poisonings incidents of bees [18]. Thereafter, substantial efforts were made to minimize the environmental impacts of these crop protection products. Improvements in seed coating technology (e.g., application of polymers) and modification of pneumatic planters have been introduced to reduce abrasion of the seed coating material during planting. Polymers in seed treatment not only i...

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Section: Toxicity Of Neonicotinoid Active Ingredients and Formulationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: The Presence Of Neonicotinoids In Surface Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonicotinoids: Spreading, Translocation and Aquatic Toxicity

Mörtl

Vehovszky

Klátyik

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Biotesting methods have shown that an insecticide based on neonicotinoid clothianidin, containing the sulfonic acid formulant, was 46.5 times more toxic for Daphnia magna than clothianidin alone [ 29 ]. Moreover, in a similar study, the combination of another neonicotinoid, acetamiprid, with linear alkylbenzenesulfonates acting as auxiliary components produced a pronounced synergistic toxic effect on Daphnia magna [ 49 ]. Results demonstrating that the toxicity of commercial pesticide formulations is higher than that of pure active ingredients have been obtained in other in vitro bioassays [ 50 ].…”

Section: Commercial Formulations Of Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides: formulants, distribution pathways and effects on human health – a review

et al. 2021

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“…In this study we have intentionally tested the formulated products in order to address also the potential harm of additives present in the product. Previously, in acute bioassays with Daphnia magna (conform OECD Guideline 202) we have already demonstrated for Mospilan 20 SG a toxicity potential 1.3 and 19.6 times higher than that explained by its acetamiprid and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate content (Mörtl et al, 2019), while for Calypso 480 SC antagonism was evidenced, with the toxicity of the formulation 2 -3 times lower than that expected according its thiacloprid content (Takács et al, 2017). In addition, testing of pesticides not only as pure active compounds but also as commercial formulations is increasingly supported in order to avoid the misinterpretation of their toxicological profile (as reviewed by Nagy et al, 2020).…”

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confidence: 94%

Physiological and metabolic alterations induced by commercial neonicotinoid formulations in Daphnia magna

et al. 2022

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Neonicotinoid insecticides are widely used agents in agriculture to control a broad range of insect pests. Although use of neonicotinoid pesticides has resulted in the widespread contamination of surface waters, sublethal toxicity data of these products in relation to nontarget aquatic biota are still poor. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of two neonicotinoid pesticides with widespread use on the basic physiological functions: the thoracic limb activity and heart rate of Daphnia magna, and to screen for their potential to affect the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system (ECOD activity) of daphnids. The considered pesticides were the acetamiprid-and thiacloprid based products Mospilan 20 SG and Calypso 480 SC, respectively. The dose-dependent variation in the three biological endpoints considered were assessed following 24h exposures. The two neonicotinoid formulations elicited significant depression on the thoracic limb activity and heart rate of daphnids at doses close to the immobility thresholds of formulations (48h-EC50: 2 Mospilan 20 SG = 190 mg L -1 ; Calypso 480 SC = 120 mg L -1 ), an effect mainly attributable to the overall drop in the general health status of the organisms. The alterations in the physiological traits were significant at exposures to 190 mg L -1 for Mospilan 20 SG and 48 mg L -1 for Calypso 480 SC. The dose related variation in the ECOD activity of daphnids exposed to the selected neonicotinoid formulations followed a biphasic pattern, with starting effective doses for Mospilan 20 SG of 6.3 mg L -1 (= 1/20 of 48h-EC50 for Daphnia neonates), and for Calypso 480 SC of 0.034 mg L -1 (= 1/4000 of 48h-EC50). Maximal ECOD activity (2.2 fold increase vs. controls) was induced by Mospilan 20 SG in daphnids exposed to 114 mg L -1 product (= 48h-EC20), and by Calypso 480 SC (1.8 fold increase) at 5.2 mg L -1 dose (= 1/20 of 48h-EC50). Our results outlined significant alterations in the physiological traits and ECOD activity in exposed daphnids at concentrations below the immobility thresholds (48h-EC50) of the products used as benchmarks to rate their toxicity risks to aquatic biota. Therefore, we think our findings might deserve consideration in the environmental risk evaluation of these products.

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Aquatic toxicity and loss of linear alkylbenzenesulfonates alone and in a neonicotinoid insecticide formulation in surface water

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Neonicotinoids: Spreading, Translocation and Aquatic Toxicity

Neonicotinoids: Spreading, Translocation and Aquatic Toxicity

Pesticides: formulants, distribution pathways and effects on human health – a review

Physiological and metabolic alterations induced by commercial neonicotinoid formulations in Daphnia magna

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