Aquatic sports dermatoses: Part 1. In the Water: Freshwater Dermatoses

Abstract

The first of this three-part series on water-related dermatoses involving the athlete will include sports occurring with the majority of time spent in the water. These sports include swimming, diving, scuba, snorkeling and water polo. Numerous authors have described dermatologic conditions commonly seen in swimmers. This series provides an updated and comprehensive review of these water dermatoses. In order to organize the vast number of skin conditions related to water exposure, we divided the skin conditions into groupings of infectious and organism-related dermatoses, irritant and allergic dermatoses and miscellaneous dermatoses. The vast majority of skin conditions involving the water athlete result from chemicals and microbes inhabiting each environment. When considering the effects of swimming on one's skin, it is also useful to differentiate between exposure to freshwater (lakes, ponds and swimming pools) and exposure to saltwater. This review will serve as a guide for dermatologists, sports medicine physicians and other medical practitioners in recognition and treatment of these conditions.

Beach Feet: A Sand-associated Thermal Injury to the Soles of the Feet and the Plantar Aspect of the Toes

“…Participants of aquatic sports can also develop cutaneous disorders [1]. Some of these skin conditions are more common in either freshwater or saltwater, while others are related to the equipment used by the participant.…”

“…Cutaneous adverse events can occur in participants of aquatic sports [1]. The causative activity can be located either at a pool or on the beach or in the water [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Water‐related dermatoses

“…[43][44][45][46][47] All cutaneous injuries resulting from marine water exposure are listed in addition to the causative organism, the mechanism of injury, treatment, and geographic location when applicable Table 5 Freshwater dermatoses. 43,48,49 All cutaneous injuries resulting from freshwater exposure are listed in addition to the causative organism, the mechanism of injury, treatment, and geographic location when applicable exposure. It has been proposed that a decrease in the skin barrier function along with an increased salt concentration alter the physiologic response, exaggerating the normal wrinkling experience (Fig.…”

Purpura du sportif

“…Les lésions se résolvent en quelques jours. En cas de douleur importante, un traitement local par anti-inflammatoire non stéroïdien ou l'application répétée de compresses chaudes cinq à dix minutes deuxtrois fois par jour peut atténuer la douleur [15]. Les lunettes de natation peuvent être responsable d'un purpura périorbitaire 901 Mise au point…”

“…C. Multiples impacts de tailles différentes liées à la balle de floorball. D. Balle de floorball (purpura googlerum) principalement chez l'enfant par divers mécanismes : effet de succion lors du retrait des lunettes (purpura de succion), des lunettes inadaptées ou qui fuient obligeant l'enfant à serrer ses lunettes plus fort et donc à majorer l'effet de succion au retrait et enfin les risques d'héma-tomes périorbitaires par traumatisme direct [15][16][17]. En 2008, les fabricants de maillots de bain ont développé pour les nageurs de haut niveau des combinaisons faites de polyuréthane et de matériel de type néoprène.…”