Aquatic primary production in a high-CO2 world

Low‐Décarie, Étienne; Fussmann, Gregor F.; Bell, Graham

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2014.02.006

Cited by 70 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…As μ 0 is calculated without the grazing impact, the results suggest that phytoplankton was indeed growing better under high CO 2 , especially small flagellates. This would also fit to Chl a maximum of the 1 st phytoplankton peak being higher at high CO 2 and has been described by other authors [16–19]. We also observed an overall higher phytoplankton grazing mortality m in the high CO 2 treatments pointing at a higher MZP abundance at high CO 2 even though actual grazing rates could not be calculated.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…For autotrophic phytoplankton, it has already been shown that high CO 2 can have an either positive or negative direct impact, depending on the plankton group in focus [16, 20]. In contrast, indirect effects are considered to be more important for heterotrophic or mixotrophic zooplankton than direct ones, such as changes in phytoplankton availability or food quality [14, 50, 51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, CO 2 effects can also be transmitted indirectly, via changes in phytoplankton availability, community composition, or food quality [14, 15]. Based on the enhanced growth of especially small-sized phytoplankton species which benefit from the higher carbon availability under OA [16–19], OA has the potential to lead to an increase in MZP productivity as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low CO2 Sensitivity of Microzooplankton Communities in the Gullmar Fjord, Skagerrak: Evidence from a Long-Term Mesocosm Study

et al. 2016

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Ocean acidification is considered as a crucial stressor for marine communities. In this study, we tested the effects of the IPCC RPC6.0 end-of-century acidification scenario on a natural plankton community in the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden, during a long-term mesocosm experiment from a spring bloom to a mid-summer situation. The focus of this study was on microzooplankton and its interactions with phytoplankton and mesozooplankton. The microzooplankton community was dominated by ciliates, especially small Strombidium sp., with the exception of the last days when heterotrophic dinoflagellates increased in abundance. We did not observe any effects of high CO2 on the community composition and diversity of microzooplankton. While ciliate abundance, biomass and growth rate were not affected by elevated CO2, we observed a positive effect of elevated CO2 on dinoflagellate abundances. Additionally, growth rates of dinoflagellates were significantly higher in the high CO2 treatments. Given the higher Chlorophyll a content measured under high CO2, our results point at mainly indirect effects of CO2 on microzooplankton caused by changes in phytoplankton standing stocks, in this case most likely an increase in small-sized phytoplankton of <8 μm. Overall, the results from the present study covering the most important part of the growing season indicate that coastal microzooplankton communities are rather robust towards realistic acidification scenarios.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low CO2 Sensitivity of Microzooplankton Communities in the Gullmar Fjord, Skagerrak: Evidence from a Long-Term Mesocosm Study

et al. 2016

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“…There are energetic costs to operating CCMs (Raven, Beardall & Giordano ), and differential abilities to concentrate carbon may lead to the increased competitiveness of macrophytes without CCMs (Raven et al . ) and shifts in dominance within communities (Low‐Décarie, Fussmann & Bell ) as CO 2 availability increases through the process of ocean acidification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of geography, taxonomy and functional group on inorganic carbon use patterns in marine macrophytes

Stepien

2015

Journal of Ecology

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Summary Carbon uptake in terrestrial plants functions under near‐constant source carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and isotopic ratios, but aquatic macrophytes operate in a more complex system where environmental fluxes and biotic interactions undermine assumptions of constant CO2 concentration and 13C/12C. Many marine macrophytes not only passively access CO2 for photosynthesis, but also actively concentrate CO2 and bicarbonate (HCO3−) using carbon concentration mechanisms (CCMs). These processes change macrophyte carbon fractionation signatures (13C/12C) and elevate seawater pH as high as 10.4 in mesocosm pH assays, in which the pH value reached is termed pH*. I assembled a global data set of 2027 marine macrophyte δ13C and pH assay values for 664 species to assess (i) how macrophyte δ13C varies with the abiotic parameters such as sea surface temperature (SST), latitude and habitat, and the organismal traits of taxonomic and functional group membership and (ii) how species δ13C is related to CCM presence or absence, as determined by a pH drift assay. Across 613 macrophyte species, collection site distance from the equator was negatively related to species δ13C, while collection site variance in SST was positively related to species δ13C. Macrophyte tissue δ13C differed among oceans as well as in intertidal versus subtidal habitats. Species from phylum Rhodophyta had the lowest δ13C, and functional group was related to δ13C, largely due to higher δ13C in calcifying species. Analysis of 141 species with paired pH*–δ13C data found that these metrics of CCM presence are not independent. As species δ13C increases so does the probability of species pH* > 9.0, a threshold value of CCM presence in pH assays. Synthesis. CCMs revealed species patterns in communities at every scale investigated, from local emersion gradients to oceanic and global gradients. Trends in macrophyte δ13C values indicate that macrophytes rely more on CO2 further from the equator, but have increased use of HCO3− at sites with high temperature variance, patterns that may be driven by species turnover rather than intraspecific variation. Patterns in species CCMs will be crucial to understanding how macrophyte communities respond to ocean acidification‐induced changes to SST and variability.

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“…increase both carbon and nitrogen fixation under low pH conditions regardless of iron concentrations [47,48]. To complicate matters further, cyanobacteria that interact in complex assemblages, such as those found in biofilms, may be outcompeted by other photosynthetic organisms under low pH conditions [49]. In microbial biofilms, low pH has reduced the abundance and diversity of cyanobacteria [50–53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low pH reduces the virulence of black band disease on Orbicella faveolata

et al. 2017

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Black band is a deadly coral disease found worldwide, which may become more virulent as oceanic conditions continue to change. To determine the effects of climate change and ocean acidification on black band disease virulence, Orbicella faveolata corals with black band were exposed to different temperature and pH conditions. Results showed a significant decrease in disease progression under low pH (7.7) conditions. Low pH also altered the relative abundance of the bacterial community of the black band disease consortium. Here, there was a significant decrease in Roseofilum, the cyanobacterium that typically dominates the black band mat. These results indicate that as oceanic pH decreases so may the virulence of a worldwide coral disease.

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Aquatic primary production in a high-CO2 world

Cited by 70 publications

References 109 publications

Low CO2 Sensitivity of Microzooplankton Communities in the Gullmar Fjord, Skagerrak: Evidence from a Long-Term Mesocosm Study

Low CO2 Sensitivity of Microzooplankton Communities in the Gullmar Fjord, Skagerrak: Evidence from a Long-Term Mesocosm Study

Impacts of geography, taxonomy and functional group on inorganic carbon use patterns in marine macrophytes

Low pH reduces the virulence of black band disease on Orbicella faveolata

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