Aquatic macrophyte dynamics in Lake Karakul (Eastern Pamir) over the last 29 cal ka revealed by sedimentary ancient DNA and geochemical analyses of macrofossil remains

Heinecke, Liv; Epp, Laura S.; Reschke, Maria; Stoof‐Leichsenring, Kathleen R.; Mischke, Steffen; Plessen, Birgit; Herzschuh, Ulrike

doi:10.1007/s10933-017-9986-7

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The relatively high δ 13 C signatures of those compounds (approx. −15‰) provide further support for a submerged aquatic macrophyte and macroalgae origin (Aichner et al, ) with Potamogetonaceae and Characeae as the predominant families (Heinecke, Epp, et al, ). Less abundant n C 29 ‐ and n C 31 ‐alkanes (0–2.5 μg/g d.w.) with δ 13 C values of approximately −30‰ are considered to reflect the sparse alpine C 3 vegetation in the catchment today, possibly with minor contribution from biomarkers derived from species thriving in small patches of wetlands around the lake.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…(m, n) Inferred salinity changes based on Sr/Ca ratios and alkenone abundances. (o) δ 18 O of aragonite (yellow curve; Heinecke, Epp, et al, ; Heinecke, Mischke, et al, ). High‐resolution glacial δ 18 O values of aragonite (red curve; this study).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their precise source is still unknown, but analysis of surface sediments of Lake Donggi Cona revealed that they mainly occur in greater depths (Aichner et al, ). At present, Chara species occur rather in deeper parts of Lake Karakul, while Potamogetonaceae thrives down to a maximum depth of approximately 14–15 m (Heinecke, Epp, et al, ; Heinecke, Mischke, et al, ). The massive occurrence of weakly decomposed Potamogetonaceae remains after ca.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a lacustrine archive with a robust chronology spanning a glacial‐interglacial cycle was obtained from Lake Karakul (Mischke et al, ). Inorganic geochemical data, sedimentological, and paleoecological proxies from this record showed large‐scale shifts, possibly driven by insolation, over the past 28 kyr (Heinecke, Epp, et al, ; Heinecke, Mischke, et al, ; Heinecke et al, ). Some of those proxies were interpreted with respect to past lake level changes, but hydrological inferences were tentative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Δ terr‐aq was calculated as 1,000 × [(δD‐terr + 1,000)/(δD‐aq + 1,000) − 1] using the arithmetic mean between δD‐C 23 and δD‐C 25 as δD‐aq and between δD‐C 29 and δD‐C 31 as δD‐terr. Elemental data were derived from XRF‐scanning and inorganic isotopic values obtained by methods described in Heinecke, Epp, et al (), Heinecke, Mischke, et al() and—if measured at core KK12‐1—were transferred to the new composite age‐model.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydroclimate in the Pamirs Was Driven by Changes in Precipitation‐Evaporation Seasonality Since the Last Glacial Period

Aichner

Makhmudov²,

Rajabov³

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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The Central Asian Pamir Mountains (Pamirs) are a high-altitude region sensitive to climatic change, with only few paleoclimatic records available. To examine the glacial-interglacial hydrological changes in the region, we analyzed the geochemical parameters of a 31-kyr record from Lake Karakul and performed a set of experiments with climate models to interpret the results. δD values of terrestrial biomarkers showed insolation-driven trends reflecting major shifts of water vapor sources. For aquatic biomarkers, positive δD shifts driven by changes in precipitation seasonality were observed at ca. 31-30, 28-26, and 17-14 kyr BP. Multiproxy paleoecological data and modelling results suggest that increased water availability, induced by decreased summer evaporation, triggered higher lake levels during those episodes, possibly synchronous to northern hemispheric rapid climate events. We conclude that seasonal changes in precipitation-evaporation balance significantly influenced the hydrological state of a large waterbody such as Lake Karakul, while annual precipitation amount and inflows remained fairly constant.Plain Language Summary Lakes in arid Central Asia are particularly susceptible to the rise and fall of lake levels as a consequence of climatic changes. To evaluate drivers behind this phenomenon, we developed a record of humidity and lake levels throughout the last 31,000 years from a high-altitude lake in the Pamir Mountains. Herefore, we combined hydrological and ecological reconstructions with climate model experiments. Results show that neither the enhanced inflow by melting glaciers nor the significantly increased precipitation amount was responsible for higher lake levels during the studied interval. Instead, reduced summer evaporation during cold episodes was the major trigger for lake transgressions. These fluctuations were driven by changes in radiative forcing (i.e., insolation and hence temperature change) as a consequence of changes in the Earth's orbit around the Sun. As such, our results suggest that a significant impact on lake levels in arid regions is also to be expected by the current anthropogenically driven global warming.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydroclimate in the Pamirs Was Driven by Changes in Precipitation‐Evaporation Seasonality Since the Last Glacial Period

Aichner

Makhmudov²,

Rajabov³

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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Vegetation changes over the last centuries in the Lower Lake Constance region reconstructed from sediment‐core environmental DNA

et al. 2022

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Many European lake ecosystems, including their respective catchment areas, underwent anthropogenic environmental changes over the last centuries. This has resulted in changes in the aquatic and terrestrial vegetation, but historical records on the composition of the past vegetation on centennial scale are scarce. In this study, we examined changes in the terrestrial and aquatic plant communities in and around Lower Lake Constance using metabarcoding of sedimentary DNA (sedDNA) of three cores from different sub‐basins covering the past, up to 300 years. We successfully identified an average of c. 3000 sequence variants (molecular operational taxonomic units ‐ MOTUs) and obtained a taxonomically annotated dataset of 127 species, 104 genera, and 72 families. We could detect major changes in the terrestrial and aquatic vegetation of the Lower Lake Constance region by examining the cores. For example, alpha diversity decreased in the last c. 100 years, and this decrease was more pronounced in the terrestrial than in the aquatic plant community. Unlike the terrestrial plant community, the current aquatic plant‐community composition partially resembles the community from before the 20th‐century eutrophication phase of the lake. In addition to changes that can be attributed to anthropogenic impacts, we also captured the effect of DNA sedimentation on the terrestrial DNA diversity representation in sediments during periods of extensive flooding and potentially as a consequence of extremely cold winters. With sedDNA from Lower Lake Constance, we provide a new local dataset to investigate and extend the historical changes of different shoreline habitats and to identify characteristic and invasive plant species. Such highly resolved datasets spanning the past centuries can provide detailed information on human environmental history in densely populated regions that have undergone severe changes in the recent past.

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Sedimentary DNA identifies modern and past macrophyte diversity and its environmental drivers in high‐latitude and high‐elevation lakes in Siberia and China

Stoof‐Leichsenring

Huang

Liu

et al. 2022

Limnology & Oceanography

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Arctic and alpine aquatic ecosystems are changing rapidly under recent global warming, threatening water resources by diminishing trophic status and changing biotic composition. Macrophytes play a key role in the ecology of freshwaters and we need to improve our understanding of long‐term macrophytes diversity and environmental change so far limited by the sporadic presence of macrofossils in sediments. In our study, we applied metabarcoding using the trnL P6 loop marker to retrieve macrophyte richness and composition from 179 surface‐sediment samples from arctic Siberian and alpine Chinese lakes and three representative lake cores. The surface‐sediment dataset suggests that macrophyte richness and composition are mostly affected by temperature and conductivity, with highest richness when mean July temperatures are higher than 12°C and conductivity ranges between 40 and 400 μS cm−1. Compositional turnover during the Late Pleistocene/Holocene is minor in Siberian cores and characterized by a less rich, but stable emergent macrophyte community. Richness decreases during the Last Glacial Maximum and rises during wetter and warmer climate in the Late‐glacial and Mid‐Holocene. In contrast, we detect a pronounced change from emergent to submerged taxa at 14 ka in the Tibetan alpine core, which can be explained by increasing temperature and conductivity due to glacial runoff and evaporation. Our study provides evidence for the suitability of the trnL marker to recover modern and past macrophyte diversity and its applicability for the response of macrophyte diversity to lake‐hydrochemical and climate variability predicting contrasting macrophyte changes in arctic and alpine lakes under intensified warming and human impact.

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Aquatic macrophyte dynamics in Lake Karakul (Eastern Pamir) over the last 29 cal ka revealed by sedimentary ancient DNA and geochemical analyses of macrofossil remains

Cited by 23 publications

References 62 publications

Hydroclimate in the Pamirs Was Driven by Changes in Precipitation‐Evaporation Seasonality Since the Last Glacial Period

Hydroclimate in the Pamirs Was Driven by Changes in Precipitation‐Evaporation Seasonality Since the Last Glacial Period

Vegetation changes over the last centuries in the Lower Lake Constance region reconstructed from sediment‐core environmental DNA

Sedimentary DNA identifies modern and past macrophyte diversity and its environmental drivers in high‐latitude and high‐elevation lakes in Siberia and China

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