Aquatic litter, management and prevention—the role of measurement

Earll, R.; Williams, A. T.; Simmons, Sarah; Tudor, D. T.

doi:10.1007/bf02730470

Cited by 52 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…m −1 ) beaches, and some other countries (Table 1). Following a classification published elsewhere (Earll et al 1997), the quantities of debris on these Brazilian beaches were considered unacceptable (Costa do Dendê and Cassino beaches) and objectionable (Tamandaré beach). Therefore, in spite of being an unpopulated area, Costa do Dendê is strongly affected by marine debris, especially plastics.…”

Section: Distribution Composition and Quantities Of Beach Debrismentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine debris contamination along undeveloped tropical beaches from northeast Brazil

Santos

Friedrich²,

Sul

2008

Environ Monit Assess

190

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We hypothesize that floating debris leaving polluted coastal bays accumulate on nearby pristine beaches. We examined composition, quantities and distribution of marine debris along approximately 150 km of relatively undeveloped, tropical beaches in Costa do Dendê (Bahia, Brazil). The study site is located south of Salvador City, the largest urban settlement from NE Brazil. Strong spatial variations were observed. Plastics accounted for 76% of the sampled items, followed by styrofoam (14%). Small plastic fragments resultant from the breakdown of larger items are ubiquitous all over the area. Because the dominant littoral drift in Bahia is southward, average beach debris densities (9.1 items/m) along Costa do Dendê were threefold higher than densities previously observed north of Salvador City. River-dominated and stable beaches had higher debris quantities than unstable, erosional beaches. Areas immediately south of the major regional embayments (Camamu and Todos os Santos) were the preferential accumulation sites, indicating that rivers draining populous areas are the major source of debris to the study site. Our results provide baseline information for future assessments. Management actions should focus on input prevention at the hydrographic basin level rather than on cleaning services on beaches.

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Section: Distribution Composition and Quantities Of Beach Debrismentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine debris contamination along undeveloped tropical beaches from northeast Brazil

Santos

Friedrich²,

Sul

2008

Environ Monit Assess

190

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show abstract

“…They reach the beach through rivers, and were once observed in large numbers (650 items/500 m of beach), by the authors in an extreme event in May 2001. Plastic debris accumulation in coastal environments commonly derived from a number of sources (Earll et al 1997). However, from the five most abundant categories observed during this study, three (house cleaning, sewage, general home use) are exclusively related to riverine contribution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Plastic items were collected and registered into eight categories related to their most likely source and/or use following Earll et al (1997). These categories were: fisheries, food packaging and disposable utensils, hazardous, sewage and personal hygiene, beach user, general home use and others (Table I) and are a simplification of the "25 fractions" recognised previously (Araújo and Costa 2004, Table 1a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is estimated that, at a global level, up to 80% of the solid wastes found on beaches had its origin at the nearest rivers (CMIO 1999), indicating that watersheds and nearby beaches are parts of a single, unified land-ocean system. According to Earll et al (1997), linking solid wastes to their sources is a key issue to effectively minimise the problem in coastal and oceanic areas. It has a direct relationship to the prevention strategy to be used in its control and solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribuição de lixo ao longo de praias arenosas – Estudo de caso na Praia de Massaguaçu, Caraguatatuba, SP

Oliveira¹,

Tessler²,

Turra³

2011

RGCI

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Abstract. This study evaluates the significance of land-based sources of solid wastes (plastics, rubber, polystyrene and nylon), in the contamination of a tourist beach on the southern coast of Pernambuco State, NE Brazil, from July 2001 to September 2002. Four transects each covering 2,500 m 2 and extending from the frontal dune to the water line at low tide were sampled along a 3 km beach. Plastic items were collected and placed in categories reflecting their most likely use/source. Results showed that the most frequent items (> 90%) were food packaging (∼55.2%), fisheries (∼13.0%), house cleaning (∼8.3%), sewage/personal hygiene (∼8.0%) and general home use (∼6.6%). Except for fisheries related items, the most important litter contributions came from land-based, riverine sources and beach users. A consortium of the municipalities within the watershed is proposed as the best economic and ecological approach to control, collection and disposal of these solid wastes.

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“…575 Recording them is as much a part of understanding the evolution of 574 Proud of the sediments. 575 Interestingly, the quantification and sourcing of litter (essentially intrusive material) on beaches is becoming an area of investigation around the world (Cunningham and Wilson 2003;Earll et al 2000;Oigman-Pszczol and Creed 2007;Storrier et al 2007;Tudor and Williams 2004); as with the material on shipwreck sites, these studies are also providing information on changing cultural uses of the sea and beaches (Williams and Tudor 2001).…”

Section: Appendix VI Intrusive Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Of His Bones are Coral Made: Submerged Cultural Resources, Site Formation Processes, and Multiple Scales of Interpretation in Coastal Ghana

Horlings¹

2012

Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa

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Integrating theoretical and methodological approaches to formation processes across a range of scales from micro-artifact to region and from historical to environmental processes, this work explores the archaeology of the event related to submerged archaeological sites within the Elmina seascape of coastal Ghana. Building on and intersecting with the work of other scholars, this research is a unique approach to the investigation of submerged cultural remains related to historical maritime trade. Remote sensing surveys in 2009 led to the identification of three sites related to maritime trade, adding significantly to the two previously known sites, which include a circa 1650 shipwreck, referred to as the Elmina Wreck, and the remains of an early 18 th century vessel in the Benya Lagoon. Drawing on remote sensing survey data, diver investigations, and the micro-sampling sediment coring technique developed over the course of field research, the historic and physical environment of coastal Elmina is studied as a means of interpreting the unique events surrounding a specific shipwreck, and to relate formation processes across the region to this and other sites. While archaeological evidence is limited, the complex study of formation processes, including the historical contexts of trade and the physical environmental has provided insights into events and practices of trade, destruction and preservation of submerged sites, and has provided a foundation for continued holistic investigation and maritime archaeological studies in the region. The methodological and theoretical approaches to formation processes form a model applicable to maritime research across the globe.

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Aquatic litter, management and prevention—the role of measurement

Cited by 52 publications

References 11 publications

Marine debris contamination along undeveloped tropical beaches from northeast Brazil

Marine debris contamination along undeveloped tropical beaches from northeast Brazil

Distribuição de lixo ao longo de praias arenosas – Estudo de caso na Praia de Massaguaçu, Caraguatatuba, SP

Of His Bones are Coral Made: Submerged Cultural Resources, Site Formation Processes, and Multiple Scales of Interpretation in Coastal Ghana

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