Aquatic invertebrate protein sources for long-duration space travel

Brown, Lara; Peick, Jared; Pickett, Melanie; Fanara, Tracy; Gilchrist, Sandra; Smiley, A.J.; Roberson, Luke

doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2020.10.002

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Recently, it has been proposed that an invertebrate aquaculture system could be a good option to produce food on long-term space travel 58 . As the authors suggest, such a system should be a closed circuit, produce food for the invertebrates on-site and facilitate the maintenance of water quality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensive production of the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus californicus in a zero-effluent ‘green water’ bioreactor

Prado-Cabrero¹,

Herena-Garcia²,

Nolan³

2022

Sci Rep

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Aquaculture is looking for substitutes for fishmeal and fish oil to maintain its continued growth. Zooplankton is the most nutritious option, but its controlled mass production has not yet been achieved. In this context, we have developed a monoalgal ‘green water’ closed-loop bioreactor with the microalgae Tetraselmis chui that continuously produced the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus californicus. During 145 days of operation, the 2.2 m3 bioreactor produced 3.9 kg (wet weight) of Tigriopus with (dry weight) 0.79 ± 0.29% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 0.82 ± 0.26% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 1.89 ± 0,60% 3S,3’S-astaxanthin and an essential amino acid index (EAAI) of 97% for juvenile Atlantic salmon. The reactor kept the pH stable over the operation time (pH 8.81 ± 0.40 in the algae phase and pH 8.22 ± 2.96 in the zooplankton phase), while constantly removed nitrate (322.6 mg L−1) and phosphate (20.4 mg L−1) from the water. As a result of the stable pH and nutrient removal, the bioreactor achieved zero effluent discharges. The upscaling of monoalgal, closed-loop ‘green water’ bioreactors could help standardize zooplankton mass production to supply the aquafeeds industry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensive production of the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus californicus in a zero-effluent ‘green water’ bioreactor

Prado-Cabrero¹,

Herena-Garcia²,

Nolan³

2022

Sci Rep

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“…This has been discussed, for example, by Cannon and Britt (2019) who outlined what is needed to sustain a million people on Mars and by Tomita-Yokotani et al (2009) and Yamashita et al (2005) who examined specific agricultural requirements. Brown et al (2021), while acknowledging the difficulties that might be associated with maintaining an aquatic environment in space, have discussed how aquatic invertebrates might be protein sources under non-Earth conditions. A slightly different approach to augmenting the food production of a life support system is to cyborg the physical infrastructure with a sophisticated artificial intelligence (Parrott, 1995(Parrott, , 2000.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect food in space

Kok

Huis

2021

JIFF

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The question addressed here is how to produce palatable food on long-term space flights and during extended tenancy in space colonies. That will be done in closed ecosystems that must be stable, robust, resilient, and sustainable. In these, because of their size, insects will be an obvious food choice. A number of species have been proposed, their suitability based on characteristics such as their capacity to be reared at high densities, ability to convert organic waste, a short life cycle and a high feed conversion ratio, resistance to diseases, good nutrition and organoleptic qualities as well as being safe for human consumption. A shift to insects as food will require dietary adaptation, but will also provide many opportunities for innovation.

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“…A team from NASA is studying the possibility of using invertebrate production systems to purify water while growing protein-rich species as food/feed sources. Aquatic species such as copepods or mussels should grow rapidly, offer good protein content and have low mass for launch requirements (Brown et al, 2021). In the ocean, copepods and mussels are the favored natural prey of fish (especially seabream) and can be used as live feed for aquaculture fish.…”

Section: Feeding Fish In Space: Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Space Aquaculture: Prospects for Raising Aquatic Vertebrates in a Bioregenerative Life-Support System on a Lunar Base

Przybyla

2021

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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The presence of a human community on the Moon or on Mars for long-term residence would require setting up a production unit allowing partial or total food autonomy. One of the major objectives of a bioregenerative life-support system is to provide food sources for crewed missions using in situ resources and converting these into the food necessary to sustain life in space. The nutritive quality of aquatic organisms makes them prospective candidates to supplement the nutrients supplied by photosynthetic organisms already studied in the context of space missions. To this end, it is relevant to study the potential of fish to be the first vertebrate reared in the framework of space agriculture. This article investigates the prospects of space aquaculture through an overview of the principal space missions involving fish in low orbit and a detailed presentation of the results to date of the Lunar Hatch program, which is studying the possibility of space aquaculture. A promising avenue is recirculating aquaculture systems and integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, which recycles fish waste to convert it into food. In this sense, the development and application of space aquaculture shares the same objectives with sustainable aquaculture on Earth, and thus could indirectly participate in the preservation of our planet.

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Aquatic invertebrate protein sources for long-duration space travel

Cited by 10 publications

References 75 publications

Intensive production of the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus californicus in a zero-effluent ‘green water’ bioreactor

Intensive production of the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus californicus in a zero-effluent ‘green water’ bioreactor

Insect food in space

Space Aquaculture: Prospects for Raising Aquatic Vertebrates in a Bioregenerative Life-Support System on a Lunar Base

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