Aquatic Introductions and Genetic Founder Effects: How do Parasites Compare to Hosts?

Blakeslee, April M. H.; Fowler, Amy E.

doi:10.5772/34089

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…This unique introduction could have been associated with a strong sampling effect, consistently reducing the probability of parasite transfer when compared to other regions where several host introductions are frequently reported (Froese and Pauly 2011; Electronic Supplemental Material 1). In addition, such founder events altering the genetic diversity in colonizing host populations can also impact the genetic diversity of their parasites (Blakeslee and Fowler 2012;Gaither et al 2013). Depauperate genetic diversity causing inbreeding depression could have interacted with Allee or stochastic demographic effects (Lande 1988) for driving a hypothetically small introduced parasite population toward extinction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A case of complete loss of gill parasites in the invasive cichlid Oreochromis mossambicus

et al. 2016

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This study investigates the recent evolution of a rich parasite community associated with one of the world's most invasive species, the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Populations from the species' native range (Mozambique) are compared to a population from New Caledonia (Wester Pacific), an island where the species was introduced in 1954. The results support the complete local extinction of the gill parasite community in the course of the invasion process. Up to six gill parasite species per locality were documented in the O. mossambicus native range, and previous surveys consistently reported at least one parasite species introduced along African cichlid species established out of Africa. The absence of parasites in New Caledonia is therefore exceptional. This can be attributed to local factors, such as a strong initial population bottleneck, the likely absence of multiple host introductions, and the frequent occurrence of brackish watersheds that might enhance the probability for natural deparasitation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A case of complete loss of gill parasites in the invasive cichlid Oreochromis mossambicus

et al. 2016

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“…For example, several studies have shown that invasive fish species can have drastic effects on local parasite communities and infection levels in native host species ( Font and Tate, 1994 , Dubois et al., 1996 , Bergeron et al., 1997 , Amundsen et al., 2013 , Ieshko et al., 2013 ). However, studies focusing on the effects of biological invasions on aquatic parasite dynamics are still relatively rare ( Blakeslee and Fowler, 2012 ). Furthermore, these studies most often focus on vertebrate definitive hosts of parasites, especially fish species as shown above ( Poulin et al., 2011 , Blakeslee and Fowler, 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, studies focusing on the effects of biological invasions on aquatic parasite dynamics are still relatively rare ( Blakeslee and Fowler, 2012 ). Furthermore, these studies most often focus on vertebrate definitive hosts of parasites, especially fish species as shown above ( Poulin et al., 2011 , Blakeslee and Fowler, 2012 ). Invertebrate species in general and crustaceans in particular are hosts to a multitude of parasites and are some of the most common invasive species in aquatic ecosystems ( Hatcher et al., 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, their potential effects on parasite dynamics following invasion of new ecosystems are very rarely accounted for. This partly comes from the logistical difficulties of such studies and the recurrent lack of reference points to which we can compare observed post-invasion patterns ( Blakeslee and Fowler, 2012 ). Patterns of parasite communities and infection levels post-invasion can be extremely complex and give no information on changes in parasite dynamics specifically due to biological invasion ( Grabner et al., 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Introduced parasites may thus infect congeneric native host species through spillover from their original, co-introduced host ( Daszak et al., 2000 ). For parasites with complex life cycles such as acanthocephalans or trematodes, survival and establishment depends on the presence of a combination of multiple, phylogenetically distant suitable hosts ( Blakeslee and Fowler, 2012 ). For example, trematodes are highly specific to their snail first intermediate hosts but are somewhat more flexible regarding second intermediate and definitive hosts ( Graczyk, 1997 ).…”

Section: Biological Invasions Aquatic Crustaceans and Parasite Dynammentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of crustacean invasions on parasite dynamics in aquatic ecosystems: A plea for parasite-focused studies

Lagrue

2017

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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While there is considerable interest in, and good evidence for, the role that parasites play in biological invasions, the potential parallel effects of species introduction on parasite dynamics have clearly received less attention. Indeed, much effort has been focused on how parasites can facilitate or limit invasions, and positively or negatively impact native host species and recipient communities. Contrastingly, the potential consequences of biological invasions for the diversity and dynamics of both native and introduced parasites have been and are still mainly overlooked, although successful invasion by non-native host species may have large, contrasting and unpredictable effects on parasites. This review looks at the links between biological invasions and pathogens, and particularly at crustacean invasions in aquatic ecosystems and their potential effects on native and invasive parasites, and discusses what often remains unknown even from well-documented systems. Aquatic crustaceans are hosts to many parasites and are often invasive. Published studies show that crustacean invasion can have highly contrasting effects on parasite dynamics, even when invasive host and parasite species are phylogenetically close to their native counterparts. These effects seem to be dependent on multiple factors such as host suitability, parasite life-cycle or host-specific resistance to parasitic manipulation. Furthermore, introduced hosts can have drastically contrasting effects on parasite standing crop and transmission, two parameters that should be independently assessed before drawing any conclusion on the potential effects of novel hosts on parasites and the key processes influencing disease dynamics following biological invasions. I conclude by calling for greater recognition of biological invasions’ effects on parasite dynamics, more parasite-focused studies and suggest some potential ways to assess these effects.

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First documentation and molecular confirmation of three trematode species (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) infecting the polychaete Marenzelleria viridis (Annelida: Spionidae)

et al. 2015

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Polychaete worms are hosts to a wide range of marine parasites; yet, studies on trematodes using these ecologically important species as intermediate hosts are lacking. During examination of the spionid polychaete Marenzelleria viridis collected on the north shore of Long Island, New York, putative trematode cysts were discovered in the body cavity of these polychaetes. In order to verify these cysts as metacercariae of trematodes, specimens of the eastern mudsnail Ilyanassa obsoleta (a very common first intermediate host of trematodes in the region) were collected for molecular comparison. DNA barcoding using cytochrome C oxidase I regions confirmed the presence of three species of trematodes (Himasthla quissetensis, Lepocreadium setiferoides, and Zoogonus lasius) in both M. viridis and I. obsoleta hosts. Brown bodies were also recovered from polychaetes, and molecular testing confirmed the presence of L. setiferoides and Z. lasius, indicating an immune response of the polychaete leading to encapsulation of the cysts. From the 125 specimens of M. viridis collected in 2014, 95 (76.8 %) were infected with trematodes; of these 95 infected polychaetes, 86 (90.5 %) contained brown bodies. This is the first confirmation that trematodes use M. viridis as a second intermediate host and that this intermediate host demonstrates a clear immune response to metacercarial infection. Future research should explore the role of these polychaetes in trematode life cycles, the effectiveness of the immune response, and transmission pathways to vertebrate definitive hosts.

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Aquatic Introductions and Genetic Founder Effects: How do Parasites Compare to Hosts?

Cited by 5 publications

References 74 publications

A case of complete loss of gill parasites in the invasive cichlid Oreochromis mossambicus

A case of complete loss of gill parasites in the invasive cichlid Oreochromis mossambicus

Impacts of crustacean invasions on parasite dynamics in aquatic ecosystems: A plea for parasite-focused studies

First documentation and molecular confirmation of three trematode species (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) infecting the polychaete Marenzelleria viridis (Annelida: Spionidae)

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